Which of the following tools is not used by pressure groups to achieve with their aim?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which tool is not used by pressure groups to achieve their aims.

Step 2: Explain the concept A pressure group is an organized body that tries to influence government policy and decisions without seeking to take over political power. This is what separates it from a political party. Parties contest elections to form the government, while pressure groups only try to influence those who hold power.

Common methods used by pressure groups:

• Boycotts: refusing to buy, use, or participate in something (for example, boycotting a product or service) to show disapproval.
• Demonstrations/protests: public marches and rallies to draw attention to their demands.
• Strikes: withdrawing labour (for example, NLC or ASUU strikes) to force the government to act.
• Lobbying, petitions, press campaigns, and litigation.

Step 3: Evaluate the options

• A. Boycotts: used by pressure groups. ✔
• B. Demonstrations: used by pressure groups. ✔
• C. Elections: contesting elections is the method of political parties, not pressure groups. A pressure group does not field candidates to win government office. ✘
• D. Strikes: used by pressure groups, especially trade unions. ✔

Step 4: Answer The tool that is not used by pressure groups is Elections, which is option C.

Tip: Remember the phrase "Parties contest, pressure groups persuade." If a question asks about contesting elections or forming the government, it points to political parties. If it mentions strikes, protests, boycotts, lobbying, or petitions, it points to pressure groups.