Which of the following modes of operation of pressure group undermines the economic, social and political stability of the state ________

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which method used by pressure groups can damage a state's economic, social and political stability. So we are looking for the most disruptive method.

Step 2: Explain the concept Pressure groups (e.g., NLC, ASUU, NMA, NBA) try to influence government policy without seeking to take control of government. Their methods fall into two broad types:

• Peaceful and constructive methods: lobbying, symposia/seminars, debates, petitions, press campaigns, and the like. These work through dialogue and persuasion.
• Disruptive or coercive methods: strikes, boycotts, demonstrations that turn violent, and sit-ins. These interrupt normal activity.

Step 3: Evaluate the options

• A. Lobbying: Persuading lawmakers or officials privately or openly. It is a normal, legitimate channel and does not threaten stability.
• B. Symposia: Academic or public discussions that educate people and raise awareness. They are peaceful.
• C. Strikes: Workers withdraw their services. This can shut down hospitals, schools, transport, and oil and other industries. It causes economic losses, public hardship (social effects), and political tension or confrontation with government. This is the one that can undermine stability.
• D. Debates: Peaceful exchange of views, so it is not destabilizing.

Step 4: Answer Strikes are the method that most directly disrupts the economy, society and political order.

Tip: In "which method is harmful or destabilizing" questions on pressure groups, look for the coercive options such as strikes, boycotts, riots, and violent demonstrations. Dialogue-based methods such as lobbying, debates, symposia, and petitions are usually the "safe" ones.