One of the pivotal roles played by pressure groups in a functioning democracy is the

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks about a key (pivotal) role pressure groups play in a democracy.

Step 2: Explain the concept Pressure groups (e.g., NLC, NBA, ASUU, NMA) are organized groups that seek to influence government policy and decisions without seeking to take over governmental power, as political parties do. They do this through lobbying, petitions, protests, strikes, media campaigns, and presenting expert advice.

Step 3: Evaluate the options

• A. Implementation of public policy by them: Wrong. Implementation is the job of the executive and its civil service or agencies, not pressure groups.
• B. Influence on public policy decisions: Correct. Influencing policy formulation and decisions on behalf of their members or a cause is the defining function of pressure groups.
• C. Trumpeting of good deeds of a government always: Wrong. Pressure groups are not government praise-singers. They often criticize government actions, and the word "always" makes this option unreasonable.
• D. Blackmailing of the government: Wrong. Blackmail is illegitimate and undemocratic. Pressure groups use lawful means such as lobbying, dialogue, and peaceful protest.

Step 4: Answer

Tip: Remember the keyword "influence." Pressure groups influence policy, while governments make and implement it. In WASSCE and JAMB Government questions, look for the option that is lawful and constructive, and be careful of extreme words like "always."