Globalisation impacts the development and progress of West African States by way of

Step 1: Analyse the question The question asks how globalisation affects the development and progress of West African states. The key words are "development and progress," so we are looking for a positive contribution.

Step 2: Understand the concept Globalisation is the growing interconnection of countries through trade, investment, communication, travel and technology. Its benefits to developing regions include:

• Access to foreign investment and markets
• Transfer of technology and skills
• Faster spread of information and ideas
• Better communication and infrastructure

Its drawbacks include economic dependence, loss of cultural identity and weakened state control.

Step 3: Evaluate each option

• A. Manipulation of economics of states: This is a negative effect, where powerful countries or firms control weaker economies. It does not describe development or progress.
• B. Propping of regimes: This means supporting or sustaining governments, often for foreign interests. It is not a developmental impact of globalisation.
• C. Protecting state sovereignty: Globalisation usually erodes sovereignty, because states must follow international rules, trade agreements and institutions. So this is incorrect.
• D. Technology transfer: Foreign companies and partnerships bring new technologies such as mobile telecoms, internet services and modern machinery. These drive growth in West African states, for example the spread of GSM and fintech in Nigeria and Ghana. This is a clear positive contribution to development.

Step 4: Answer

Exam tip: When a question asks about "development and progress," pick the option that describes a clear benefit. Options with words like "manipulation" or "propping" usually signal negatives, and globalisation almost never "protects sovereignty."