The underlying principle of the concept of seperation of powers is mainly to

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the main underlying principle behind separation of powers. In other words, why do we divide government power among different organs?

Step 2: Explain the concept Separation of powers is associated with Baron de Montesquieu (The Spirit of the Laws). It divides government authority into three organs:

• Legislature: makes laws
• Executive: implements laws
• Judiciary: interprets laws and settles disputes

Montesquieu argued that when all power is concentrated in one person or group, tyranny and abuse follow. By sharing power among separate organs, no single organ can dominate, and each can check the others (checks and balances).

Step 3: Evaluate the options

• A. Educate people on their rights: This is the role of civic education, the media and civil society, not the purpose of separation of powers.
• B. Tame the executive: Checking the executive is one effect, but the principle applies to all three organs, so it is too narrow.
• C. Prevent arbitrariness: By stopping power from being concentrated in one hand, it prevents arbitrary, unchecked and tyrannical rule. This is the core purpose.
• D. Ensure constitutional review: This is a function of the judiciary (judicial review), which is only one mechanism within the system.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is **C.

Tip: Link "separation of powers" with "Montesquieu", "avoid concentration of power", "prevent tyranny/arbitrariness/abuse of power". If an option mentions preventing abuse or dictatorship, it is usually the answer. Be careful with options that describe only a single organ, such as the executive or judiciary, because they are usually too narrow.