Which of the following factors does not influence a country's foreign policy?

1. Analyze the question You are asked to find the factor that does NOT influence a country's foreign policy. Four options are given, and three of them are real determinants.

2. Explain the concept Foreign policy is the set of goals and strategies a country uses in dealing with other nations. It is shaped by these main factors:

• Geographical location, size and climate: neighbours, access to the sea, and strategic position all affect who a country allies with.
• Human resources (population and skills): a large, skilled population gives a country more weight in the world.
• Economic strength and natural resources: these determine trade partners and the need for aid.
• Military strength
• Political system and leadership ideology
• International laws, conventions and organizations: treaties and UN or AU obligations limit and guide what a state can do.
• Public opinion and national interest

3. Step-by-step solution

• A. Human resources: this does influence foreign policy, because population size and skills affect a country's power and international standing.
• B. Geographical location: this influences foreign policy. For example, Nigeria's policy gives priority to its West African neighbours.
• C. System of education and number of universities: this is not a recognized direct determinant of foreign policy. Education may develop human resources indirectly, but the education system and the number of universities are not classic factors in foreign policy formulation.
• D. International laws and conventions: these influence foreign policy, because countries must respect treaties and global norms.

4. Answer The factor that does not influence foreign policy is C. System of education and number of universities.

5. Exam tip Remember the main determinants with "GEMPIL": Geography, Economy, Military strength, Population (human resources), International law/environment, Leadership. If an option is not on the list, such as the number of universities, it is likely the odd one out.