Militant nationalism in British West Africa after World War II sought to

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks about the aim of militant nationalism in British West Africa after World War II (the post-1945 period). Examples include Kwame Nkrumah's Convention People's Party (CPP) in the Gold Coast with its "Positive Action" campaign, and the more radical NCNC under Nnamdi Azikiwe in Nigeria.

Step 2: Explain the concept Nationalism in West Africa went through two broad phases:

• Early (moderate) nationalism, before WWII: educated elites such as the NCBWA and Herbert Macaulay's NNDP used petitions and constitutional methods. They asked for reforms, more African representation, and an end to discrimination, but did not demand the end of colonial rule.
• Militant (radical) nationalism, after WWII: younger leaders backed by the masses, ex-servicemen, trade unions, and youth movements used strikes, boycotts, demonstrations, and civil disobedience. They demanded self-government and independence now, meaning an end to colonial rule.

Step 3: Evaluate the options

• A. Kill British nationals: Incorrect. The movements were largely non-violent, and killing people was not their goal.
• B. Overthrow colonialism: Correct. The aim was to end colonial rule and win political independence, using more forceful, mass-based methods.
• C. Stop the export of raw materials: Incorrect. They protested unfair trade and exploitation, but stopping exports was not the central aim.
• D. Stop the denigration of African culture: Incorrect. This was more a concern of early cultural nationalism than of post-war militant nationalism.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is B. overthrow colonialism.

Exam tip: Remember the contrast: early nationalists asked for reform; militant nationalists demanded independence. If you see "militant," "radical," or "post-1945," think self-government and the end of colonial rule.