The Economic Community for West African States (ECOWAS) was established primarily to

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the primary purpose of ECOWAS when it was set up. Note that it is "primarily", so we need the main, founding aim, not a side effect or a later goal.

Step 2: Recall the concept ECOWAS was established on 28 May 1975 by the Treaty of Lagos. Nigeria (under General Yakubu Gowon) and Togo (under Gnassingbé Eyadéma) were the leading drivers. Its main aim was economic integration: promoting trade, cooperation and development in the West African sub-region. The key goals include:

• Removing trade barriers and promoting free movement of people, goods and services
• Promoting economic cooperation and development among member states
• Raising the standard of living of the people of the region

Step 3: Evaluate each option

• A. Create a common currency: A single currency (the proposed "Eco") is a long-term goal, not the primary reason for founding ECOWAS. Not correct.
• B. Prevent neo-colonialism: This was a general concern in African politics, but it is not the stated main objective of the treaty. Not correct.
• C. Sideline French West African countries: This is false. Francophone countries such as Senegal, Togo, Benin and Côte d'Ivoire are members, and bringing them in was part of the aim. Not correct.
• D. Promote economic growth and development among member states: This matches the main objective in the Treaty of Lagos. Correct.

Step 4: Answer

Exam tip: In Government questions about why an organisation was formed, pick the option that matches the organisation's name. Economic Community → economic growth and development. Be wary of options that use extreme or exclusionary language, such as "sideline", since regional bodies are built on cooperation.