A constitution that requires complicated procedure for its amendment is

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks about a constitution that has a complicated procedure for amendment. This is about how easy or difficult it is to change the constitution.

Step 2: Explain the concept Constitutions are classified in two main ways:

• By amendment procedure: • Rigid constitution: Difficult to amend. It requires special, complicated procedures, such as a two-thirds or three-fourths majority in the legislature, approval by state legislatures, or a referendum. • Flexible constitution: Easy to amend. It can be changed by the ordinary legislative process, like any other law.

• By form: • Written constitution: Contained in one or more formal documents. • Unwritten constitution: Based on customs, conventions, and judicial decisions, not codified in one document.

Being written or unwritten describes the form of the constitution. It does not tell us how hard the constitution is to amend.

Step 3: Apply to the question A complicated amendment procedure describes how hard the constitution is to change. That is the definition of a rigid constitution.

Nigeria's 1999 Constitution is an example. Under Section 9, amending it requires a two-thirds majority in both the Senate and the House of Representatives, plus approval by at least two-thirds of the State Houses of Assembly (24 of the 36 states).

Step 4: Eliminate the wrong options

• B. Flexible is the opposite, because it is easy to amend.
• C. Written describes the form, not the amendment procedure.
• D. Unwritten also describes the form, not the amendment procedure.

Answer: A. Rigid

Exam tip: Link the words to their meanings: Rigid = Resistant to change (hard to amend), Flexible = Free to change (easy to amend). When you see "amendment procedure" in a question, think rigid or flexible, not written or unwritten.