A manifesto can be defined as the

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the definition of a manifesto in political science and government.

Step 2: Explain the concept A manifesto is a public document issued by a political party (or candidate) before an election. It sets out what the party promises to do, and what policies and programmes it will carry out, if the electorate votes it into power. In Nigeria, parties such as the APC and PDP release manifestos during election campaigns to convince voters.

Step 3: Evaluate each option

• A. Opportunity to form a political party: Incorrect. Forming a party is about the freedom of association and registration with INEC. It is not a manifesto.
• B. Proposed programmes of a political party: Correct. A manifesto states the plans, policies, and promises a party intends to carry out if elected.
• C. Policy of a political party in power: Incorrect. A manifesto looks forward to proposed actions, and it is not limited to a party already in power. Opposition parties also issue manifestos.
• D. Power to rule the masses: Incorrect. This describes authority or sovereignty, not a manifesto.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is B.

Exam tip: Think of "manifesto = manifest (make clear) the plan." A manifesto is a party's promise list to voters. When you see the word, think of the proposed programmes and campaign promises of a party.