2022 WAEC (WASSCE) Civic Education Past Questions and Answers
The 2022 WAEC (WASSCE) Civic Education past questions with answers: 50 objective questions from the 2022 paper in the DeeepSolve question bank, each with its answer behind "Show answer". Try each question before you check, then practise the paper as a timed WAEC-style CBT.
Past questions © the examination body (JAMB/WAEC/NECO). DeeepSolve is not affiliated with them. Rights holders: see /copyright.
Questions
- 1.
Use the image to answer the question. The effect of the interaction as captured in the cartoon, in the Fig. in relation to Civic Education is
- A.mass mobilization
- B.pressure group
- C.peer pressure
- D.popular participation
Show answer
Answer: B. pressure group
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- 2.
All the following are aims of youth empowerment scheme except
- A.Reduction of youth delinquency
- B.Promotion of self-reliance
- C.Maximization of profit
- D.Building of self-esteem
Show answer
Answer: C. Maximization of profit
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the option that is NOT an aim of a youth empowerment scheme. This is an "except" question, so three options are real aims and one is not.
Step 2: Understand the concept Youth empowerment schemes (such as N-Power, YouWiN, SURE-P and skill acquisition programmes) are government or NGO programmes. They help young people develop skills, confidence and opportunities so they can contribute positively to society.
Their main aims include:
- Reducing unemployment and poverty
- Reducing youth restiveness, crime and delinquency
- Promoting self-reliance and entrepreneurship
- Building self-esteem and leadership skills
- Encouraging youths to take part in national development
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Reduction of youth delinquency: This is an aim. Keeping youths productively engaged reduces crime, cultism and restiveness.
- B. Promotion of self-reliance: This is an aim. Skills training helps youths become job creators instead of job seekers.
- C. Maximization of profit: This is not an aim. Profit maximization is a goal of private businesses. Empowerment schemes are social programmes focused on human development and welfare, not on making money.
- D. Building of self-esteem: This is an aim. Gaining skills and independence boosts confidence and a sense of worth.
Step 4: Answer The option that is not an aim of a youth empowerment scheme is C. Maximization of profit.
Tip: For "all of the following except" questions, first pick out the options that clearly fit the topic (here: people development, skills, confidence, reduced crime). The odd one out usually has a business or unrelated flavour, like "profit". Cross that one out as your answer.
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- 3.
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that all human beings
- A.have freedom of movement
- B.are born free and equal
- C.should be free from torture
- D.have the right to recognition
Show answer
Answer: B. are born free and equal
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what Article 1 of the UDHR says. You need to recall the exact opening article of this 1948 United Nations document.
Step 2: Explain the concept The UDHR was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948. Its first article sets the foundation for all other rights. It reads:
> "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
Step 3: Check each option against the UDHR articles
- A. Freedom of movement: This is Article 13, not Article 1.
- B. Born free and equal: This matches Article 1 directly.
- C. Free from torture: This is Article 5.
- D. Right to recognition (as a person before the law): This is Article 6.
Step 4: Identify the answer Option B matches the wording of Article 1.
Tip: Remember the pattern "1 = Born equal." Article 1 is about equality and dignity, and it is the starting point of the whole declaration. Other useful anchors: Article 3 is life, liberty and security; Article 5 is no torture; Article 13 is movement. For WASSCE and NECO, a keyword like "born free and equal" usually points to Article 1.
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- 4.
Which of the following may not be vested with a constitution authority?
- A.family
- B.mob
- C.school
- D.the state
Show answer
Answer: B. mob
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- 5.
Democracy is important because it
- A.accommodates popular participation.
- B.accommodates political apathy.
- C.encourages operational bureaucracy.
- D.breeds ethnic competition and rivalry.
Show answer
Answer: A. accommodates popular participation.
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks why democracy is important, so we need the option that states a positive, defining feature of democracy.
Step 2: Explain the concept Democracy is government of the people, by the people, and for the people. Its core principle is that citizens have a say in how they are governed. They do this by voting, contesting for office, joining political parties, and taking part in public debate. Its importance comes from this popular participation, along with the rule of law, protection of rights, and accountability of leaders.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Accommodates popular participation. This is correct. Allowing citizens to take part in decision-making is the heart of democracy and a major reason it is valued.
- B. Accommodates political apathy. Apathy means lack of interest in politics. It weakens democracy, so it is not a reason democracy is important.
- C. Encourages operational bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is administrative procedure in government. It exists under any system and is not a distinguishing benefit of democracy.
- D. Breeds ethnic competition and rivalry. This is a possible problem in plural societies, not an advantage. Democracy aims to manage diversity peacefully.
Step 4: Answer
Tip: In Civic Education, "importance" or "advantage" questions usually have one positive option and several negative or irrelevant ones. Look for the option that reflects participation, rights, accountability, or rule of law. Be wary of words like apathy, rivalry, or conflict, which describe problems rather than benefits.
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- 6.
The societal norms that represent the overall attitude of the people in a society is called
- A.group values.
- B.general values.
- C.religious values.
- D.personal values.
Show answer
Answer: B. general values.
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- 7.
Use the quotation below to answer the question. If you cannot beat them, join them. Through which of the following means can the effect of the above quotation on the society be rectified?
- A.Compulsory communal service
- B.Strengthening of the constitution
- C.Reorientation of values
- D.Distribution of relief materials during emergency
Show answer
Answer: C. Reorientation of values
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The quotation "If you cannot beat them, join them" reflects a negative social attitude. When people see wrongdoing such as corruption, cheating, or bribery and believe they cannot stop it, they decide to take part. The result is the spread of vices and a decline in moral standards. The question asks how this effect on society can be corrected.
Step 2: Explain the concept The quotation is about values and attitudes. It encourages conformity to bad behaviour. Problems rooted in attitudes and beliefs cannot be fixed by force or by material help. They are fixed by changing how people think, which means teaching and promoting good values such as honesty, integrity, hard work, and respect for the law. This process is called value reorientation. In Nigeria it is associated with campaigns like the National Orientation Agency's work on attitudinal change.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Compulsory communal service: This builds community spirit, but it does not address the attitude of joining in wrongdoing.
- B. Strengthening of the constitution: Laws help, but the problem is people's mindset and moral values. A strong constitution on paper does not change attitudes by itself.
- C. Reorientation of values: This directly targets the wrong attitude and replaces it with positive moral values. ✔
- D. Distribution of relief materials during emergency: This is humanitarian aid and has nothing to do with attitudes toward wrongdoing.
Step 4: Answer The correct answer is C. Reorientation of values.
Tip: When a Civic Education question describes a bad attitude or behaviour, such as "join them" or "everybody is doing it", look for answers with values, orientation, re-education, or moral instruction. Attitude problems need attitude solutions.
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- 8.
The attitude that prevents peaceful resolution of inter-communal conflict is
- A.conciliation
- B.resentment
- C.dialogue
- D.mediation
Show answer
Answer: B. resentment
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which attitude stops conflicts between communities from being settled peacefully. So we are looking for a negative attitude, not a method of resolving conflict.
Step 2: Explain the concepts
- Conciliation: bringing opposing parties together to settle their differences amicably. It is a peaceful resolution method.
- Dialogue: open discussion between parties to understand each other and reach agreement. It is also a peaceful method.
- Mediation: a neutral third party helps the disputing sides reach a settlement. It is another peaceful method.
- Resentment: lingering bitterness, anger, or ill-feeling about past wrongs. It is an attitude, and a harmful one.
Step 3: Eliminate the options
- A, C and D are all tools or approaches that promote peace, so they cannot be what prevents it.
- B, resentment, makes people hold grudges, distrust one another, and refuse to forgive or negotiate. This blocks peaceful settlement.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is B. resentment.
Exam tip: In Civic Education, when a question asks what prevents or hinders peace, look for negative attitudes such as resentment, hatred, intolerance, or prejudice. The words conciliation, dialogue, mediation, negotiation, and arbitration always point to peaceful conflict resolution.
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9.This question needs a diagram, table or passage that we don't have yet, so it isn't shown.
- 10.
According to the 1999 constitution as amended, sovereignty belongs to the
- A.president who is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.
- B.people from whom government derives its power and authority.
- C.National Assembly which has power to make laws and amend the constitution.
- D.judiciary which interprets the laws of the state
Show answer
Answer: B. people from whom government derives its power and authority.
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks who holds sovereignty under the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria (as amended).
Step 2: The concept Sovereignty is the supreme, ultimate authority in a state. In a democracy, this authority rests with the citizens, who delegate it to government institutions through elections.
Step 3: What the Constitution says Section 14(2)(a) of the 1999 Constitution states: "sovereignty belongs to the people of Nigeria from whom government through this Constitution derives all its powers and authority."
The Preamble also begins with "We the people of the Federal Republic of Nigeria..."
Step 4: Check each option
- A. President: He is Head of State and Commander-in-Chief (Section 218), but this is an executive role, not sovereignty.
- B. People from whom government derives its power and authority: This matches Section 14(2)(a) almost word for word.
- C. National Assembly: It makes laws (legislative power), but it gets that power from the people through the Constitution.
- D. Judiciary: It interprets laws, but it is also an arm of government that derives its authority from the people.
Step 5: Answer The correct option is B.
Exam tip: Whenever you see "sovereignty" in a Nigerian Civic Education or Government question, think "people." Remember: the three arms of government are only agents. The people are the owners of power.
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- 11.
Use the quotation below to answer the question. ''f you cannot beat them, join them''. The statement is an indication of a society that is------
- A.ethically upright
- B.morally degenerated
- C.politically disintegrated
- D.socially regenerated
Show answer
Answer: B. morally degenerated
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The saying "If you cannot beat them, join them" means that when you can't stop or defeat a practice, you should take part in it. In Civic Education, this is usually applied to corruption, cheating, and other wrongdoing. The question asks what kind of society makes people think this way.
Step 2: Explain the concept In a society with strong values, people resist wrongdoing and try to correct it. When people give up and join the wrongdoers because the wrongdoing seems too widespread, it shows that moral values have broken down. This is called moral decadence or moral degeneration.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Ethically upright: Wrong. An upright society would resist wrongdoing, not join it.
- B. Morally degenerated: Correct. People abandon good values and copy bad behavior because it is common or seems unbeatable.
- C. Politically disintegrated: Wrong. The statement is about moral choices, not the breakdown of political structures.
- D. Socially regenerated: Wrong. Regeneration means renewal or improvement, which is the opposite of what the saying suggests.
Step 4: Answer The statement shows a society where bad behavior has become so common that people give in to it instead of resisting. This is a morally degenerated society.
Exam tip: In Civic Education, phrases like "join them," "everybody is doing it," or "that is how things are done" point to moral decadence or declining values. Also watch out for words like "regenerated" and "upright," which describe positive societies.
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- 12.
Use the image to answer the question. We can conclude that the mother of the boy putting on a face cap in the cartoon in the image is a
- A.religious mother
- B.responsible parent
- C.wealthy person
- D.child activist
Show answer
Answer: A. religious mother
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- 13.
The head of the judicial arm of government in Nigeria is the
- A.Chief justice
- B.Supreme leader
- C.Chief of staff
- D.Chief Magistrate
Show answer
Answer: A. Chief justice
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks who heads the judicial arm of government in Nigeria. The judiciary is the arm that interprets laws and settles disputes through the courts.
Step 2: Recall the concept Nigeria operates the separation of powers among three arms of government:
- Legislature: makes laws (headed by the Senate President for the Senate, and the Speaker for the House of Representatives)
- Executive: implements laws (headed by the President)
- Judiciary: interprets laws (headed by the Chief Justice of Nigeria, or CJN)
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Chief justice: Correct. The Chief Justice of Nigeria heads the Supreme Court and the whole judicial arm. He or she is also the Chairman of the National Judicial Council (NJC).
- B. Supreme leader: Not a Nigerian title. It is used in countries like Iran.
- C. Chief of staff: This is an aide to the President (the Chief of Staff to the President) and belongs to the executive arm, not the judiciary.
- D. Chief Magistrate: This is a magistrate who presides over a lower court. He or she is not the head of the entire judiciary.
Step 4: Answer The head of the judicial arm in Nigeria is the Chief Justice, which is option A.
Exam tip: Match each arm with its head:
- Legislature → Senate President / Speaker
- Executive → President
- Judiciary → Chief Justice of Nigeria
Remember "J for Judiciary, J for Justice" and you will not miss this one.
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14.This question needs a diagram, table or passage that we don't have yet, so it isn't shown.
- 15.
The organizations working against dictatorship and mounting of campaigns for effective civil rule are called
- A.professional bodies.
- B.religious institutions
- C.civil societies
- D.political parties
Show answer
Answer: C. civil societies
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- 16.
The basic responsibility of parents is
- A.providing necessities of life for the children.
- B.buying expensive gifts for the children.
- C.sending the children abroad for quality education.
- D.visiting site of attraction with the children.
Show answer
Answer: A. providing necessities of life for the children.
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- 17.
Irresponsible parenting has the tendency of
- A.encouraging egoistic tendencies
- B.preserving of culture
- C.promoting of positive values
- D.promoting peaceful co-existence
Show answer
Answer: A. encouraging egoistic tendencies
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- 18.
An individual who finds it difficult to do without in-take of prohibited substances is
- A.a human trafficker
- B.an armed robber
- C.a drug addict
- D.a kidnapper
Show answer
Answer: C. a drug addict
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question describes a person who "finds it difficult to do without" (cannot stop using) "prohibited substances" (illegal or banned drugs). We need the term that matches this.
Step 2: Explain the concept Drug addiction (also called drug dependence) is a condition in which a person develops a compulsive need for a drug and cannot easily stop taking it, even when it harms their health, studies, family, or finances. Stopping often causes withdrawal symptoms, which is why the person finds it hard to "do without" the substance.
Examples of prohibited or abused substances in Nigeria include cocaine, heroin, Indian hemp (cannabis), and misused codeine. The NDLEA (National Drug Law Enforcement Agency) fights the trafficking and abuse of these substances.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Human trafficker: Someone who illegally moves or sells people. This is not about substance dependence.
- B. Armed robber: Someone who steals using weapons. This describes a crime, not dependence.
- C. Drug addict: Someone dependent on drugs and unable to stop. This matches the description.
- D. Kidnapper: Someone who abducts people, often for ransom. This is also unrelated to dependence.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. a drug addict.
Tip: Look for the key phrase in the question. "Difficult to do without" means dependence, and dependence on drugs means addiction. The other options describe crimes people commit, not a dependence on a substance.
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- 19.
Who among the following is not a foremost Nigerian nationalist?
- A.Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
- B.Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe
- C.General Yakubu Gowon
- D.Chief Obafemi Awolowo
Show answer
Answer: C. General Yakubu Gowon
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the person who is NOT a foremost Nigerian nationalist. A nationalist here means someone who campaigned and fought for Nigeria's independence from British colonial rule, mostly in the 1930s to 1960.
Step 2: Explain the concept Nigerian nationalists were political leaders, journalists, and activists who pushed for self-government through political parties, newspapers, and constitutional conferences. They are often called the "founding fathers" of Nigeria's independence.
Step 3: Examine each option
- A. Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa: He was a leading Northern nationalist and a founding member of the NPC (Northern People's Congress). He became Nigeria's first Prime Minister at independence in 1960, so he is a nationalist.
- B. Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe: He was a journalist (West African Pilot), a leader of the NCNC, and later Nigeria's first President. He is often called "Zik of Africa" and is a leading nationalist.
- C. General Yakubu Gowon: He was a military officer who became Head of State in 1966, six years after independence. He was not part of the independence struggle, so he is a military ruler rather than a nationalist.
- D. Chief Obafemi Awolowo: He was a leader of the Action Group, Premier of the Western Region, and a strong advocate of federalism and self-government. He is a nationalist.
Step 4: Answer General Yakubu Gowon came to power in 1966, after independence, as a military leader. He did not take part in the nationalist movement.
Correct answer: C
Exam tip: Nationalists are linked to the pre-1960 independence struggle (political parties like NCNC, AG, NPC, and newspapers). Military Heads of State, such as Gowon, Murtala Mohammed, and Buhari, came after independence, so they are not "nationalists" in this sense.
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- 20.
The law protecting certain individuals from being prosecuted is called
- A.penal code.
- B.constitutional protection.
- C.immunity clause.
- D.legal rights.
Show answer
Answer: C. immunity clause.
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the name of the law or provision that protects certain individuals from being prosecuted (taken to court for criminal or civil wrongdoing).
Step 2: Explain the concept In Nigeria, Section 308 of the 1999 Constitution (as amended) gives immunity to certain public officeholders. These are the President, Vice-President, Governors, and Deputy Governors. While they are in office, they cannot be arrested, prosecuted, or sued in court for civil or criminal matters. The protection ends when their tenure ends. The provision is commonly called the immunity clause.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Penal code: This is a body of criminal law (used in Northern Nigeria) that defines offences and punishments. It does not protect anyone from prosecution.
- B. Constitutional protection: This is a general phrase. It is too broad and is not the specific name for protection from prosecution.
- C. Immunity clause: This is the specific provision shielding certain officeholders from prosecution while in office. ✔
- D. Legal rights: These are entitlements that every citizen has, such as the right to a fair hearing. They are not about avoiding prosecution.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. immunity clause.
Tip: "Immune" means "protected from." Whenever you see "protected from prosecution" in a Civic Education question, think immunity. Also remember that immunity covers only the President, Vice-President, Governors, and Deputy Governors. It does not cover legislators or judges in the same way.
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- 21.
National symbols are also referred to a symbols of national
- A.co-operation
- B.identity
- C.unity
- D.development
Show answer
Answer: B. identity
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what national symbols (the flag, coat of arms, national anthem, pledge, currency, etc.) are also called. The key phrase is "symbols of national ___".
Step 2: Explain the concept National symbols are objects, emblems, and songs that represent a country and distinguish it from other countries. Examples in Nigeria include:
- The green-white-green flag
- The Coat of Arms (black shield, eagle, horses, Y-shaped silver band, red flowers)
- The National Anthem and Pledge
- The Naira
Their main purpose is to show who we are as a people and to set the nation apart from others. This is why they are called symbols of national identity.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Co-operation: This is a result of working together, not what symbols mainly represent.
- B. Identity: Correct. Symbols identify a nation and make it recognizable and distinct.
- C. Unity: Symbols can promote unity, and this is a plausible distractor, but their primary role is identification. Unity is a secondary effect.
- D. Development: This relates to progress, not to what symbols represent.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is B. identity.
Tip: Remember "Symbols = Signature." A signature identifies a person, and national symbols identify a nation. When you see "national symbols" in an exam, think identity first. Unity is usually linked to the national pledge, national integration, or national ethos.
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22.This question needs a diagram, table or passage that we don't have yet, so it isn't shown.
- 23.
Use the dialogue below to answer the question. Tim: Jim, let's go to the hospital and confirm our HIV status. Jim: Really? Does my face resemble that of someone with HIV ? After all, I am too poor to engage in illicit sex, drug abuse nor keep numerous partners like you do. Tim: It is more than what you think, Jim. You suffer other noticeable symptoms which makes me suspicious of your status. Jim: Okay, just to satisfy your curiosity, let's go. From the above dialogue, noticeable symptoms Tim must have observed about Jim include the following except
This question refers to an extract from the original paper, which isn't shown here.
- A.profuse night sweats.
- B.persistent diarrhoea.
- C.increase in appetite
- D.usual fatigue
Show answer
Answer: C. increase in appetite
AI explanation
Analyze the question: We are asked which one is NOT a noticeable symptom of HIV/AIDS that Tim could have observed in Jim. This is an "except" question, so we look for the option that is not an HIV symptom.
Concept: HIV weakens the immune system. Common signs and symptoms include:
- Profuse night sweats
- Persistent or chronic diarrhoea
- Unexplained, persistent fatigue and weakness
- Rapid weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Recurrent fever
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Oral thrush and recurring infections
Step-by-step check:
- A. Profuse night sweats: a recognised symptom of HIV infection.
- B. Persistent diarrhoea: a recognised symptom, often lasting weeks.
- C. Increase in appetite: HIV typically causes a loss of appetite, not an increase. This is not a symptom.
- D. Usual fatigue: the option likely means unusual or persistent fatigue, which is a common symptom of HIV. Even with the wording "usual," it is the intended symptom, and it is not the odd one out.
Answer: The option that does not belong is **C.
Tip: For HIV symptom questions, remember that the body is being drained: weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, night sweats, and diarrhoea. Anything suggesting "increase" or "gain" (such as appetite or weight) is usually the exception.
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- 24.
A prerequisite for orderliness is
- A.humility
- B.morality
- C.hardwork
- D.politeness
Show answer
Answer: C. hardwork
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- 25.
Which of the following is not a method of recruiting victims for human trafficking?
- A.deceit
- B.threat
- C.application
- D.abduction
Show answer
Answer: C. application
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which option is NOT a method traffickers use to recruit victims. So we are looking for the odd one out, the option that does not involve force, trickery, or exploitation.
Step 2: Explain the concept Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons through illegal or coercive means for the purpose of exploitation. Under the Nigerian Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement and Administration Act, traffickers commonly recruit victims through:
- Deceit/deception: false promises of good jobs, education, or a better life abroad.
- Threat: intimidation, blackmail, or oath-taking and juju to frighten victims and their families.
- Abduction/kidnapping: forcefully taking a person away.
- Fraud, coercion, and abuse of power or a position of vulnerability.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Deceit: a common method, since victims are lured with fake job offers. ✔ It is a method.
- B. Threat: used to force or control victims. ✔ It is a method.
- C. Application: this describes a normal, voluntary, lawful process, such as applying for a job or admission. It involves no force, fraud, or coercion, so it is not a trafficking recruitment method. ✘
- D. Abduction: forcefully taking victims. ✔ It is a method.
Step 4: Answer The option that is not a method of recruiting victims for human trafficking is C. application.
Exam tip: For "which is NOT" questions, look for the option that is lawful, voluntary, or neutral. Trafficking methods nearly always involve force, fraud, or coercion (deceit, threat, abduction, kidnapping, deception).
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- 26.
The composition of National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria could be termed
- A.unicameral
- B.collegial
- C.bicameral
- D.hierarchical
Show answer
Answer: C. bicameral
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what term describes how Nigeria's National Assembly is composed, meaning its structure.
Step 2: Explain the concept Legislatures are classified by the number of chambers (houses) they have:
- Unicameral: one chamber only (e.g., Nigeria's State Houses of Assembly).
- Bicameral: two chambers.
- Collegial: describes shared authority among equals, such as a council or board. It is not a legislative classification.
- Hierarchical: describes a ranked, top-down structure of authority, not a legislative composition.
Step 3: Apply it to Nigeria Under the 1999 Constitution (as amended), the National Assembly has two chambers:
- The Senate: 109 members (3 from each of the 36 states, plus 1 from the FCT).
- The House of Representatives: 360 members.
Since it has two houses, it is bicameral.
Step 4: Eliminate the wrong options
- A. Unicameral is wrong because that means one chamber.
- B. Collegial is not a term for the number of legislative chambers.
- D. Hierarchical describes ranking of authority, not the legislative structure.
Answer: C. bicameral
Exam tip: Remember the prefix. Uni means one and Bi means two, like a bicycle with two wheels. The National Assembly is "Bi" because it has the Senate and the House of Representatives. State Houses of Assembly are "Uni" because each state has only one chamber.
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- 27.
From which of the following sources are constitutional provisions not derived?
- A.Statutory sources
- B.Customary sources
- C.Judicial Precedence
- D.Story book
Show answer
Answer: D. Story book
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- 28.
Limitation to the right of life can be found in the case of
- A.an imprisoned person
- B.a kidnapped person
- C.a condemned person
- D.a trafficked person
Show answer
Answer: C. a condemned person
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- 29.
Representation of Nigerians in the senate is
- A.Proportional
- B.collegial
- C.equal
- D.unequal
Show answer
Answer: C. equal
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- 30.
The officials of the administrative agency of the state that are most active in governance belongs to the
- A.Legislative organ
- B.Judicial organ
- C.Executive organ
- D.Civil societies
Show answer
Answer: C. Executive organ
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which organ of government contains the officials of the administrative agencies (ministries, parastatals, civil service, etc.) that are most active in the day-to-day running of the state.
Step 2: The concept Government has three main organs:
- Legislature: makes laws (National Assembly, State Houses of Assembly).
- Executive: implements and administers laws and runs government daily (President/Governor, ministers, commissioners, civil servants, and agencies).
- Judiciary: interprets laws and settles disputes (courts).
Civil societies (NGOs, trade unions, professional bodies) are not organs of government at all. They are groups outside government.
Step 3: Apply it Administrative agencies, such as ministries, departments, the police, the civil service, and parastatals like the FRSC or NNPC, carry out government policies and deliver services every day. This is the work of the executive organ. Because they are constantly implementing policy, they are the most active in governance.
- A: The legislature makes laws, so it is not the administrative arm.
- B: The judiciary only acts when cases are brought before it.
- C: The executive administers and implements, so this is correct.
- D: Civil societies are outside government.
Answer: C. Executive organ
Tip: Remember "Legislature makes, Executive makes it happen (executes), Judiciary judges." Any time you see words like administer, implement, enforce, civil service, ministries, think Executive.
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- 31.
One of the major complaint against the public service is
- A.Inefficiency
- B.Victimization
- C.Discrimination
- D.Election rigging
Show answer
Answer: A. Inefficiency
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks about a major complaint against the public service. The public service is the body of civil servants and government workers who carry out government policies and deliver services to citizens.
Step 2: Explain the concept Public service in Nigeria is often criticized for:
- Delays in processing documents and decisions (red tapism)
- Corruption and bribery
- Poor productivity and lack of commitment
- Slow service delivery
Together, these weaknesses are described as inefficiency, meaning failure to perform duties in a timely, productive, and cost-effective way.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Inefficiency: This is the most common complaint, because citizens often face delays, bureaucracy, and poor service. ✔
- B. Victimization: This can happen in workplaces, but it is not the main public complaint about the service.
- C. Discrimination: This is also possible, but it is not the major, widely recognized complaint.
- D. Election rigging: This relates to electoral bodies, politicians, and political parties, not to the public service as a whole.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is A. Inefficiency.
Tip: In Civic Education, whenever you see "public service" together with "complaint" or "problem," think of inefficiency, red tapism, corruption, and delay. Eliminate options that belong to other topics, such as election rigging, which belongs under electoral processes.
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- 32.
Interest and willingness to participate in the affairs of a nation are forms of
- A.Popular Participation
- B.National Consciousness
- C.Political Apathy
- D.Citizenship Education
Show answer
Answer: A. Popular Participation
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- 33.
Use the image to answer the question. We can make inference from the response of the boy wearing short pants in the cartoon, in the image that he
- A.needs the knowledge of Civic Education.
- B.became industrious through empowerment.
- C.gets financial support from his family.
- D.lacks moral care of a responsible parent.
Show answer
Answer: D. lacks moral care of a responsible parent.
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- 34.
A situation where only 35% of 80 million registered voters participated in a general election, is an indication of political
- A.instability
- B.exclusiveness
- C.apathy
- D.socialization
Show answer
Answer: C. apathy
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question Only 35% of 80 million registered voters took part in a general election. That means most registered voters (65%) chose not to vote. We need the term that describes this behavior.
Step 2: Explain the concept
- Political apathy: lack of interest or concern in political activities, such as voting, campaigns, or party membership. Low voter turnout is the classic sign of it.
- Political instability: frequent changes of government, coups, or unrest. It is not about turnout.
- Political exclusiveness: shutting certain groups out of the political process. The voters here were registered, so they were not excluded.
- Political socialization: the process by which people learn political values and attitudes, through family, school, media, and so on.
Step 3: Work through the numbers
- Voters who participated: 35% of 80 million = 0.35 × 80,000,000 = 28 million
- Registered voters who did not vote: 80 million − 28 million = 52 million
Since 52 million people with the right to vote did not use it, this points to a lack of interest in the political process, which is apathy.
Step 4: Answer
Tip: In Civic Education, when you see "low turnout", "people not voting", or "lack of interest in politics", think apathy. Remember: Apathy = "A-pathetic" attitude toward politics.
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- 35.
In which of the following do citizens have equal rights? Right to
- A.freedom of movement
- B.freedom from discrimination
- C.free education
- D.form or join any political party
Show answer
Answer: B. freedom from discrimination
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- 36.
My stiffest earthly assignment is ended and major life's work is done. My country is now free... - Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe The speaker quoted above must have fought hard for national
- A.prosperity
- B.recognition
- C.development
- D.independence
Show answer
Answer: D. independence
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The quote is from Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, popularly called "Zik of Africa." He says his "stiffest earthly assignment is ended" and that "my country is now free." The question asks what he must have fought hard for.
Step 2: Explain the concept The key phrase is "my country is now free." A country becomes free from foreign rule when it gains independence. Nigeria gained independence from British colonial rule on 1st October, 1960. Azikiwe was one of the main nationalists in that struggle. He founded the West African Pilot newspaper, helped lead the NCNC, and later became Nigeria's first indigenous Governor-General and then its first President.
Step 3: Work through the options
- A. Prosperity means wealth or economic success. The quote says nothing about wealth, only freedom.
- B. Recognition means being acknowledged. This is not the same as being free from colonial rule.
- C. Development means progress in infrastructure and the economy. This comes after freedom and is not what "now free" refers to.
- D. Independence means freedom from colonial rule. This matches "My country is now free."
Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. independence.
Exam tip: In quote-based questions, look for the keyword in the statement. Here, "free" points to "independence." Also remember the key nationalists: Azikiwe (NCNC), Obafemi Awolowo (Action Group), and Ahmadu Bello (NPC).
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- 37.
Which of the following criminal act is most commonly perpetrated by cult members?
- A.Prostitution
- B.Money Laundering
- C.Corruption
- D.Violence
Show answer
Answer: D. Violence
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which criminal act is most commonly linked with cult members. In Nigerian Civic Education, "cultism" usually refers to secret confraternities, often on school and university campuses, that operate through intimidation and force.
Step 2: Explain the concept Secret cults such as those found on campuses and in communities are known for:
- Violent clashes between rival groups
- Assault, maiming and killing
- Intimidation and harassment of students and lecturers
- Armed attacks, sometimes called "cult wars"
Other crimes, such as extortion or robbery, may occur. But the defining feature of cult activity is the use of violence.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Prostitution: This can occur in society generally but is not the main crime tied to cults.
- B. Money Laundering: This is a financial crime linked to organized fraud, not typical cult behavior.
- C. Corruption: This relates to abuse of public office or trust. It is not the hallmark of cultism.
- D. Violence: Cult groups are widely known for killings, assaults, and rival gang clashes. This matches the question.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. Violence.
Exam tip: In Civic Education, whenever you see "cult" together with "most common crime," think violence, killing, and intimidation. You can link cultism with words like "secret," "rivalry," and "bloodshed" to remember it.
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- 38.
Which of the following sets of agencies are responsible for checking road worthiness of vehicles?
- A.The Federal Road Safety Corps and Vehicle Inspection Office
- B.The Police and National Security and Civil Defence Corps
- C.Federal Road Safety Corps and the Nigerian Army
- D.The Nigerian Army and Vehicle Inspection Office
Show answer
Answer: A. The Federal Road Safety Corps and Vehicle Inspection Office
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which agencies check the roadworthiness of vehicles, meaning whether a vehicle is mechanically fit and safe to be on the road (brakes, lights, tyres, and so on).
Step 2: Explain the concept In Nigeria, two bodies handle this:
- Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC): Created in 1988 to make highways safe. Its duties include enforcing traffic rules, educating motorists, and checking that vehicles are roadworthy. FRSC officers often stop vehicles to inspect them.
- Vehicle Inspection Office (VIO): Operates under state governments (and the FCT). It tests vehicles and issues roadworthiness certificates.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. FRSC and Vehicle Inspection Office: Both are directly responsible for roadworthiness checks. ✔
- B. Police and NSCDC: The Police handle law and order. The NSCDC protects critical national assets and handles civil defence. Neither is mainly responsible for roadworthiness checks. ✘
- C. FRSC and Nigerian Army: The FRSC fits, but the Army defends the country against external aggression and has no role in vehicle inspection. ✘
- D. Nigerian Army and VIO: The VIO fits, but the Army does not. ✘
Step 4: Answer Only option A pairs two agencies that both have roadworthiness duties.
Exam tip: When you see "roadworthiness," think FRSC + VIO. Remember that the Army is for defence, the Police for law and order, and the NSCDC for civil defence and protecting national assets, so none of them is the answer here.
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- 39.
Law of libel and defamation of character violates right to freedom of
- A.fair hearing
- B.religion
- C.expression
- D.association
Show answer
Answer: C. expression
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- 40.
Which of the following is not a problem of civil society?
- A.Leadership struggle
- B.Poor funding
- C.Planning to capture political power
- D.Embezzlement of funds
Show answer
Answer: C. Planning to capture political power
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question We need the option that is not a problem of civil society. Four of the options are real challenges that civil society organisations (CSOs) face. One is not a problem. It is actually something that goes against the nature of civil society.
Step 2: Explain the concept Civil society consists of non-governmental, non-profit groups that stand between the individual and the state. Examples are the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), community development associations, and NGOs. They exist to:
- Promote citizens' interests and rights
- Hold government accountable
- Educate the public and encourage participation
A key feature is that they do not seek to capture political power. That is the job of political parties. Civil society only influences or monitors those in power.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Leadership struggle: A real problem. Many CSOs suffer from internal wrangling over who leads, which causes splits and weakens them.
- B. Poor funding: A real problem. Most depend on dues, donations, and grants, so they often lack resources.
- C. Planning to capture political power: This is not a problem of civil society. It is the aim of political parties, and a group that does it stops being a civil society organisation.
- D. Embezzlement of funds: A real problem. Mismanagement and misuse of funds by officials damages trust and effectiveness.
Step 4: Answer The option that is not a problem of civil society is C. Planning to capture political power.
Tip: For "which is NOT a problem of civil society" questions, remember that civil society influences power but does not seek power. Anything about winning elections or taking over government belongs to political parties. Typical CSO problems include poor funding, internal disputes, corruption, government interference, and weak membership.
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- 41.
Interpersonal relationship is promoted through the following ways except
- A.confrontation
- B.healthy competition
- C.co-operation
- D.communal living
Show answer
Answer: A. confrontation
AI explanation
Analyze the question: We need the option that does NOT promote interpersonal relationships (the relationships between people). It's an "except" question, so three options help build good relationships and one does not.
Explain the concept: Interpersonal relationships are the bonds between individuals. They grow through positive interaction such as sharing, teamwork, mutual respect, and understanding. They are weakened by hostility, conflict, and aggression.
Step-by-step solution:
- A. Confrontation: This means a hostile or argumentative face-off between people. It breeds resentment, tension, and conflict, so it does not promote good relationships.
- B. Healthy competition: This pushes people to improve while respecting one another, such as friendly inter-house sports. It builds respect and bonds, so it promotes relationships.
- C. Co-operation: People working together toward a common goal builds trust and unity, so it promotes relationships.
- D. Communal living: Living together in a community encourages sharing, mutual support, and regular interaction, so it promotes relationships.
Options B, C, and D all strengthen relationships. Only confrontation does not, so it is the exception.
Tip: In "except" questions, first identify the odd one out by asking "which one is negative or opposite in meaning?" Here, co-operation, healthy competition, and communal living are all positive, while confrontation is negative. Also note that the word "healthy" in front of competition makes it a positive option.
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- 42.
Which of the following is not a function of the judicial arm of government?
- A.Interpretation of the law
- B.Judicial review
- C.Checking of arbitrariness
- D.Initiation of bills
Show answer
Answer: D. Initiation of bills
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- 43.
Which of the following is a cause of political apathy in Nigeria?
- A.Adequate citizenship education
- B.A free and fair election
- C.Biased electoral umpires
- D.Adequate political awareness
Show answer
Answer: C. Biased electoral umpires
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for a cause of political apathy. Political apathy means citizens' lack of interest or unwillingness to take part in political activities such as voting, attending political meetings, or joining parties.
Step 2: Explain the concept People become apathetic when they feel their participation does not matter. Common causes in Nigeria include:
- Election rigging and violence
- Biased or corrupt electoral officials
- Broken promises by politicians
- Poverty and illiteracy
- Lack of trust in the political system
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Adequate citizenship education: This encourages participation because informed citizens know their rights and duties. It is not a cause of apathy.
- B. A free and fair election: This builds public confidence and increases turnout. It is not a cause.
- C. Biased electoral umpires: If the officials who run elections favour certain candidates or parties, voters feel their votes will not count. They lose trust and stay away from politics. This is a cause.
- D. Adequate political awareness: This promotes involvement, so it is not a cause.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. Biased electoral umpires.
Exam tip: In "cause of apathy" questions, look for the negative option, such as rigging, bias, violence, or corruption. Options with positive words like "adequate," "free and fair," or "awareness" usually describe things that reduce apathy.
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- 44.
Use the dialogue below to answer the question. Tim: Jim, let's go to the hospital and confirm our HIV status. Jim: Really? Does my face resemble that of someone with HIV ? After all, I am too poor to engage in illicit sex, drug abuse nor keep numerous partners like you do. Tim: It is more than what you think, Jim. You suffer other noticeable symptoms which makes me suspicious of your status. Jim: Okay, just to satisfy your curiosity, let's go. Individual like Jim in the story above who believe HIV carriers are selective, can get enlightenment through
This question refers to an extract from the original paper, which isn't shown here.
- A.effective fasting and prayer.
- B.youth empowerment programme.
- C.sex and civic education.
- D.popular participation.
Show answer
Answer: C. sex and civic education.
AI explanation
Analyze the question
Jim believes HIV only affects certain kinds of people, such as those who are rich, promiscuous or drug abusers. This is a misconception caused by lack of knowledge. The question asks how people like Jim can be enlightened, meaning how they can be educated and corrected.
Concept
HIV/AIDS can infect anyone, whatever their status, wealth or lifestyle. It spreads through unprotected sex, contaminated needles or blades, blood transfusion, and from mother to child. Wrong beliefs about who can be infected are best corrected through education and awareness, specifically sex education and civic education. These teach the facts about transmission, prevention, symptoms and testing.
Solution
- A. Fasting and prayer: This is spiritual, and it does not give factual information about HIV.
- B. Youth empowerment programme: This builds skills and economic capacity. It is not mainly about health information.
- C. Sex and civic education: This gives accurate knowledge about HIV and its transmission, so it corrects the belief that only certain people are infected. This fits.
- D. Popular participation: This refers to citizens' involvement in governance, which is unrelated.
Exam tip
When a question describes a misconception or ignorance and asks how to fix it, look for the option with "education," "enlightenment" or "awareness." For HIV questions, sex education is almost always the answer.
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- 45.
Identify the odd one from the list below in relation to citizenship obligations
- A.Payment of tax
- B.Right to personal liberty
- C.Protection of public utilities
- D.Obedience to the Law
Show answer
Answer: B. Right to personal liberty
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which option does not belong to the list of citizenship obligations (duties a citizen must perform).
Step 2: Explain the concept In Civic Education, citizens have two sets of responsibilities to the state:
- Rights: privileges and freedoms the citizen enjoys (e.g., right to life, personal liberty, freedom of expression).
- Obligations (duties): things a citizen is expected or required to do for the state and society (e.g., paying taxes, obeying laws, protecting public property, voting, loyalty, and respecting others).
Step 3: Test each option
- A. Payment of tax: an obligation, since citizens must contribute to government revenue.
- B. Right to personal liberty: a right, guaranteed under Section 35 of the 1999 Constitution. It is what the citizen enjoys, not what the citizen owes.
- C. Protection of public utilities: an obligation, since citizens must safeguard public property such as electricity, water facilities, and roads.
- D. Obedience to the Law: an obligation, since citizens must respect and obey the laws of the land.
Step 4: Identify the answer Three options (A, C, D) are duties. Only B is a right, so it is the odd one out.
Step 5: Exam tip When you see "odd one out" in Civic Education, check whether the list mixes rights and duties. Words like "right to..." or "freedom of..." usually signal a right, while "payment of," "obedience to," and "protection of" signal obligations.
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46.This question needs a diagram, table or passage that we don't have yet, so it isn't shown.
- 47.
The major reason for the enactment of traffic regulations is to
- A.make sure people travel for business purpose.
- B.arrest traffic offenders and violators.
- C.ensure safety and allow easy flow of traffic
- D.ensure the sustenance and longevity of the roads.
Show answer
Answer: C. ensure safety and allow easy flow of traffic
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the major (main) reason traffic regulations are made. So we want the primary purpose, not a side effect or a method of enforcement.
Step 2: Explain the concept Traffic regulations are rules governing how vehicles and pedestrians use the road, such as speed limits, traffic lights, lane discipline, seat belt use, and right of way. These rules exist to:
- protect lives and property by preventing accidents,
- keep movement orderly so traffic flows smoothly.
Agencies like the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) in Nigeria enforce these rules with this goal in mind.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Make sure people travel for business purpose. Wrong. Traffic rules do not dictate why people travel.
- B. Arrest traffic offenders and violators. Wrong. Arrest is an enforcement measure used when rules are broken, not the reason the rules were made.
- C. Ensure safety and allow easy flow of traffic. Correct. This is the core purpose: safe roads and orderly, smooth movement.
- D. Ensure the sustenance and longevity of the roads. Wrong. Rules like axle load limits may help roads last longer, but this is a secondary benefit, not the major reason.
Step 4: Answer
Tip: In "major reason" or "purpose of a law" questions, pick the option that talks about protecting people and keeping order. Options that describe punishment (like arrests) are usually about enforcement, not purpose.
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- 48.
Use the image to answer the question. Which of the following is not an advisable way through which the orientation of the boy wearing short pants in the cartoon, in the image can be corrected?
- A.Subjecting him to harsh punitive measures.
- B.Impacting an effective Civic Education in him.
- C.He needs morally upright and responsible parenting.
- D.An effective guidance and counselling section.
Show answer
Answer: B. Impacting an effective Civic Education in him.
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- 49.
One major reason some Nigerian youths join cult groups is
- A.inadequate religious and moral instruction
- B.poor welfare programme for students.
- C.inadequate support from guardians and parents.
- D.prevalence of corruption among political elites
Show answer
Answer: A. inadequate religious and moral instruction
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- 50.
An activity meant to promote and protect the interest of a country is
- A.unitarianism
- B.communism
- C.communalism
- D.nationalism
Show answer
Answer: D. nationalism
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the activity or ideology whose purpose is to promote and protect the interest of a country (a nation).
Step 2: Explain the concepts
- Unitarianism: Usually refers to a religious belief (God as one person) or, in politics, a unitary system of government where power is centralised. It is not about promoting a country's interests.
- Communism: An economic and political ideology where property and the means of production are owned by the community or state, with no social classes.
- Communalism: Strong loyalty to one's own community or ethnic/religious group rather than to the whole country. It can actually work against national interest.
- Nationalism: Devotion and loyalty to one's nation, with active efforts to promote and protect its interests, unity, and independence.
Step 3: Apply to the question Promoting and protecting the interest of a country matches the definition of nationalism. In Nigeria, the early nationalists such as Herbert Macaulay, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Obafemi Awolowo, and Ahmadu Bello worked to protect Nigerians' interests and push for independence. That is nationalism in action.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. nationalism.
Tip: Look at the root word. "Nation-alism" is about the nation, while "Commun-alism" is about the community or a narrow group. When a question mentions a country's interest, think nationalism.
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