2021 WAEC (WASSCE) Civic Education Past Questions and Answers
The 2021 WAEC (WASSCE) Civic Education past questions with answers: 50 objective questions from the 2021 paper in the DeeepSolve question bank, each with its answer behind "Show answer". Try each question before you check, then practise the paper as a timed WAEC-style CBT.
Past questions © the examination body (JAMB/WAEC/NECO). DeeepSolve is not affiliated with them. Rights holders: see /copyright.
Questions
- 1.
Use the quotation below to answer the question below. Being truthful to oneself; being truthful to others; being someone others can trust; doing what is right regardless of the circumstances." The above quotation is apt for describing
- A.selflessness
- B.diligence
- C.discipline
- D.integrity
Show answer
Answer: D. integrity
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The quotation lists four qualities: being truthful to yourself, being truthful to others, being trustworthy, and doing what is right regardless of the circumstances. We need to find the one value that describes all of them.
Step 2: Explain the concept In Civic Education, integrity means being honest and having strong moral principles. A person of integrity does the right thing even when nobody is watching and even when it is difficult. Honesty, trustworthiness, and moral consistency are its main features.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Selflessness means putting others' needs before your own. The quotation says nothing about sacrifice or helping others at your own expense.
- B. Diligence means hard work and careful effort. The quotation does not mention work or effort.
- C. Discipline means self-control and obeying rules or order. It is related, but the focus on truthfulness and trust goes beyond it.
- D. Integrity covers honesty with yourself and others, trustworthiness, and doing right regardless of circumstances. This matches every part of the quotation.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. integrity.
Exam tip: Look for keywords. Words like "truthful," "trust," and "doing what is right regardless of circumstances" point to integrity. Words like "hard work" point to diligence, and "self-control" or "obedience to rules" point to discipline.
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- 2.
Use the cartoon image to answer the question below. The first statement in the cartoon affirms that the speaker was
- A.supportive of constituted authority
- B.jealous of Chief Jeunkoku's wealth
- C.aiding and abetting corruption
- D.discouraging injustice in the land
Show answer
Answer: C. aiding and abetting corruption
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- 3.
The programmes political parties intend to implement if they are voted into power are known as political
- A.campaigns
- B.manifestoes
- C.agenda
- D.propaganda
Show answer
Answer: B. manifestoes
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- 4.
Major behavioural manifestations of drug addicts include the following except
- A.mental disorder
- B.isolation and withdrawal
- C.depression and regrets
- D.humility and boldness
Show answer
Answer: D. humility and boldness
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5.This question needs a diagram, table or passage that we don't have yet, so it isn't shown.
- 6.
All these can be a cause of accident on the road except
- A.praying while driving
- B.eating while driving
- C.being conscious of road signs
- D.taking alcohol before driving
Show answer
Answer: C. being conscious of road signs
AI explanation
Analyze the question: The word "except" means we need the one option that does NOT cause road accidents. Three options will be causes, and one will be safe or helpful behaviour.
Explain the concept: In Civic Education, road safety means staying alert and following traffic rules. Accidents usually happen when a driver is distracted, impaired, or ignores road regulations.
Solve step by step:
- A. Praying while driving: Closing your eyes, bowing your head, or taking your focus off the road is a distraction. It can cause an accident.
- B. Eating while driving: You take your hands and attention off the wheel. This is a common cause of accidents.
- C. Being conscious of road signs: This means paying attention to speed limits, warnings, and directions. It prevents accidents, so it is not a cause.
- D. Taking alcohol before driving: Alcohol slows your reaction time and weakens your judgment. This is a major cause of accidents.
Answer: Option C is the only one that promotes safety, so it is the exception.
Exam tip: For "except" questions, find the option that is positive or opposite in meaning to the other three. Here A, B, and D are all distractions or impairments, while C is a safe habit.
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- 7.
Which of these societal values is most expected of every public office holder?
- A.Excellence
- B.Accountability
- C.Hospitality
- D.Diplomacy
Show answer
Answer: B. Accountability
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which societal value is most expected of every public office holder, meaning someone entrusted with government power or public resources (e.g., a minister, local government chairman, civil servant).
Step 2: Explain the concept A public office is a position of trust. The office holder manages resources and makes decisions on behalf of citizens. Because of this, the key expectation is accountability: being answerable to the people for one's actions, decisions, and use of public funds, and being ready to give explanations and accept responsibility.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Excellence: Desirable, but it is a personal or performance standard, not the core duty tied to holding public trust.
- B. Accountability: Directly tied to public office. It is the foundation of good governance, supported by institutions like the EFCC, ICPC, Code of Conduct Bureau, and asset declaration requirements in Nigeria.
- C. Hospitality: A social value about welcoming guests. It is not a requirement of public office.
- D. Diplomacy: Important for foreign affairs officials, but not expected of every public office holder.
Step 4: Answer
Tip: In Civic Education, whenever you see "public office holder," think of words like accountability, transparency, integrity, and honesty. These are the usual keywords for the correct answer.
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- 8.
Constitutional provisions cannot be derived from
- A.statutory sources
- B.customary source
- C.judiciary precedents
- D.colonial policies
Show answer
Answer: D. colonial policies
AI explanation
Analyzing the question: The question asks which source a constitution cannot be derived from. So we are looking for the odd one out, the source that is not a legitimate or recognized source of constitutional provisions.
Concept: The sources of a constitution (especially Nigeria's) include:
- Statutes/Acts of legislature: laws passed by lawmakers can become part of the constitution (e.g., Acts establishing the structure of government).
- Customs and traditions: unwritten practices accepted over time (e.g., the traditional institutions recognized in the constitution).
- Judicial precedents: court decisions that interpret and shape constitutional provisions.
- Previous constitutions and agreements: e.g., the Independence Constitution, the Republican Constitution, and constitutional conferences.
Step-by-step evaluation:
- A. Statutory sources. These are a valid source, since laws made by the legislature feed into constitutional provisions. So this is not the answer.
- B. Customary sources. Customs and conventions are a recognized source, especially in unwritten or partly written constitutions. So this is not the answer.
- C. Judiciary precedents. Court rulings that interpret the constitution become part of constitutional law. So this is not the answer.
- D. Colonial policies. Colonial policies were instruments of foreign administration. They are not a standard, recognized source of a sovereign nation's constitutional provisions. (Colonial constitutions such as the Clifford, Richards, and Macpherson constitutions are historical sources, but general colonial policies are not.) This is the best fit for "cannot be derived from."
Answer: The correct option is D. colonial policies.
Tip: For "cannot be derived from" or "except" questions, list the standard sources you know (statutes, customs, judicial precedents, previous constitutions, conventions) and eliminate them. The option left over is your answer.
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- 9.
Chalyn's ordeal would have been likely prevented through all the following means except
- A.poverty alleviation programme
- B.effective family planning
- C.qualitative higher education
- D.skill acquistion coursed
Show answer
Answer: B. effective family planning
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- 10.
The categories of Nigerian citizens that cannot be declared as non-citizens under any circumstance are citizens by
- A.parentage and naturalization
- B.registration and birth
- C.birth and parentage
- D.registration and naturalization
Show answer
Answer: C. birth and parentage
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- 11.
Creating an enabling environment for someone to have control over his financial situation is known as
- A.reinforcement
- B.endowment
- C.empowerment
- D.enhancement
Show answer
Answer: C. empowerment
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the term that describes creating an enabling environment so that a person can take control of his or her own financial situation.
Step 2: Explain the concept In Civic Education, empowerment means giving people the power, skills, resources, and opportunities to make decisions and take control of their lives. This includes their economic or financial lives. Examples are skills acquisition programmes, access to small loans, and support for small businesses. Others are free education and youth entrepreneurship schemes such as N-Power and the Bank of Industry (BOI) loans.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Reinforcement: This means strengthening or supporting something that already exists, or reward-based learning in psychology. It does not mean giving someone control over their finances.
- B. Endowment: This is a gift or donation of money or property, such as a scholarship fund. It is not about creating an enabling environment for control.
- C. Empowerment: This means enabling people to gain control over their own lives and finances. It fits the definition exactly.
- D. Enhancement: This means improving the quality or value of something. It is not specific to personal control.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. empowerment.
Exam tip: Look for the keyword "control" or "enabling". These almost always point to empowerment. Remember that em-power means "put power in" a person's hands.
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- 12.
Political participation is facilitated by the following reasons except
- A.engaging in moral upliftment
- B.fostering of political stability
- C.enhancement of the dividends of democracy
- D.influencing the direction of government policies
Show answer
Answer: A. engaging in moral upliftment
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- 13.
The lowest court in Nigeria is the
- A.Magistrate/District Court
- B.Court of Appeal
- C.Sharia Court of Appeal
- D.State High Court
Show answer
Answer: A. Magistrate/District Court
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which court sits at the bottom of the court hierarchy in Nigeria.
Step 2: Explain the concept Nigerian courts are arranged in a hierarchy, from the highest to the lowest:
- Supreme Court (highest)
- Court of Appeal (including the Sharia Court of Appeal and Customary Court of Appeal at state level)
- Federal High Court / State High Court
- Magistrate/District Courts (including Customary and Area Courts)
(Strictly speaking, among the options, the Magistrate/District Court is the lowest. Customary, Area, and Sharia lower courts exist too, but they are not listed here.)
Step 3: Work through the options
- A. Magistrate/District Court: a lower court that handles minor civil and criminal cases. This fits.
- B. Court of Appeal: it is second from the top, so it is not the lowest.
- C. Sharia Court of Appeal: it is an appellate court, so it is higher than a Magistrate/District Court.
- D. State High Court: it has wide jurisdiction and hears appeals from the lower courts, so it ranks above the Magistrate Court.
Step 4: Answer The lowest court among the options is the Magistrate/District Court, which is option A.
Tip: Think of the courts as a ladder. The word "Appeal" in a court's name means it sits higher up because it reviews decisions from the courts below it. The "Magistrate" and "District" courts are the entry-level courts for ordinary people's everyday cases.
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- 14.
National consciousness, unity and integrity are promoted through all the following ways except
- A.obedience to rules and regulations
- B.National Youth Service Corps
- C.compromise of the rule of law
- D.teaching of civic education in schools
Show answer
Answer: C. compromise of the rule of law
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which option does NOT promote national consciousness, unity and integrity. This is an "except" question, so we are looking for the odd one out, the option that works against national unity.
Step 2: Concept National consciousness, unity and integrity mean citizens being aware of, loyal to, and working together for the good of the nation. They are promoted by things that build fairness, order, shared identity and patriotism, such as:
- Obeying laws
- Programmes that bring people from different ethnic groups together
- Educating citizens on their rights and duties
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Obedience to rules and regulations: Promotes order, discipline and peaceful coexistence. This builds unity.
- B. National Youth Service Corps (NYSC): Created in 1973 after the civil war to unite Nigerian youths by posting them to states outside their own. This builds unity.
- C. Compromise of the rule of law: The rule of law means everyone, including leaders, is equal before the law. Compromising it leads to injustice, favouritism, corruption and distrust, which breed division and weaken national unity. This does not promote unity.
- D. Teaching of civic education in schools: Teaches patriotism, rights, duties and national values. This builds national consciousness.
Step 4: Answer Options A, B and D all promote national unity.
Correct answer: C
Exam tip: For "all the following except" questions, find the option that is negative or harmful (words like compromise, violation, abuse, disregard). Three options will be positive and one will be the odd one out.
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- 15.
Citizenship education ensures that citizens become aware of
- A.tenets of the laws of the society
- B.attributes required to become a leader
- C.how to restore peace during conflict
- D.justice and injustice during litigation
Show answer
Answer: A. tenets of the laws of the society
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what citizenship education makes citizens aware of. This is about its core purpose: informing people about their rights, duties, and the rules that govern their society.
Step 2: Explain the concept Citizenship education is the process of teaching people their rights, duties, and obligations as members of a state. It aims to produce informed, responsible, law-abiding citizens who can take part in the political and social life of their country. Its main areas include:
- Knowledge of the constitution and laws
- Rights and responsibilities of citizens
- Values such as honesty, respect, and patriotism
- Participation in democratic processes
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Tenets of the laws of the society: This fits. Citizens must know the laws, rules, and principles of their society in order to obey them and claim their rights.
- B. Attributes required to become a leader: Leadership training is a possible outcome, but it is not the general aim of citizenship education for everyone.
- C. How to restore peace during conflict: This belongs to conflict resolution or peace education, which is a narrower topic.
- D. Justice and injustice during litigation: This is specific to the courts and legal practice, not the broad awareness citizenship education gives.
Step 4: Answer Option A is the best answer. Citizenship education makes people aware of the laws, rules, and principles of their society, which helps them to be responsible and law-abiding.
Exam tip: When a Civic Education question asks about the purpose of "citizenship education," look for the broad option about rights, duties, and laws. Options that describe specific skills, such as leadership, peacemaking, or litigation, are usually distractors.
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- 16.
Use the image to answer the question below. Which type of skill is dominant in the image?
- A.Manipulative skill
- B.Intellectual skill
- C.negotiation skill
- D.communicative skill
Show answer
Answer: D. communicative skill
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- 17.
The following are steps towards sustaining national unity except
- A.emphasis on factors that unite a nation
- B.respecting the national symbols
- C.discouraging inter-religious marriages
- D.Working towards achieving national objectives
Show answer
Answer: C. discouraging inter-religious marriages
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- 18.
The constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria from 1979 to 1999 have been
- A.written and rigid
- B.written and flexible
- C.unwritten and rigid
- D.unwritten and flexible
Show answer
Answer: A. written and rigid
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- 19.
Associations, connections and affiliations between two or more people is what type of relationship?
- A.Intra-group
- B.Inter-communal
- C.interpersonal
- D.intra-communal
Show answer
Answer: C. interpersonal
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the type of relationship that describes associations, connections and affiliations between two or more people. The key idea is that it is about people (individuals) relating with one another.
Step 2: Explain the concept In Civic Education, interpersonal relationship means the association, connection or bond between two or more individuals. It can be formed through friendship, family ties, marriage, work, religion, or school. Examples include the relationship between a teacher and a student, between friends, or between husband and wife.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Intra-group: This refers to relationships within a single group, such as among members of a club. It is about a group and not simply two or more people in general.
- B. Inter-communal: This refers to relationships between different communities, such as between two villages or towns. It is not about individuals.
- C. Interpersonal: This refers to relationships between persons, which is two or more people. This matches the definition exactly.
- D. Intra-communal: This refers to relationships within one community. It is not about individuals.
Step 4: Conclusion The definition given in the question is the standard definition of an interpersonal relationship.
Correct answer: C. Interpersonal
Exam tip: Break down the prefixes.
- Inter- = between
- Intra- = within
- Personal = people
- Communal = communities
So interpersonal means "between persons", while inter-communal means "between communities". Match the prefix and the root word to the wording of the question, and you will get these right quickly.
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- 20.
Supervisory Councillors at the local government level are part of the
- A.civil servants
- B.executive organ
- C.legislative organ
- D.judicial organ
Show answer
Answer: B. executive organ
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which organ of local government the Supervisory Councillors belong to.
Step 2: Explain the concept Nigeria's local government system (under the 1999 Constitution and local government laws) is made up of two main arms:
- Executive arm: headed by the Executive Chairman (or Mayor in some areas). It includes the Vice-Chairman, the Secretary, and the Supervisory Councillors. Each Supervisory Councillor is put in charge of a department or portfolio, such as health, works, education, or agriculture. This is similar to how ministers or commissioners work at the federal and state levels.
- Legislative arm: the Local Government Council, made up of Legislative Councillors (elected from wards). They make bye-laws for the local government area.
Supervisory Councillors are appointed by the Chairman, usually from among the elected or qualified members, to oversee departments. They do not make laws as a body. They help carry out the administration of the local government.
Step 3: Eliminate the options
- A. Civil servants: No. Civil servants are permanent, non-political, appointed staff. Supervisory Councillors are political appointees.
- B. Executive organ: Yes. They help the Chairman run and supervise departments.
- C. Legislative organ: No. That is the role of the Legislative Councillors.
- D. Judicial organ: No. Courts, such as customary or area courts, handle that function.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is B. executive organ.
Tip: Remember "Supervisor = Supervises departments = Executive." Compare it with federal and state levels: Ministers and Commissioners are executive, so Supervisory Councillors are executive too. Legislative Councillors are the ones who make bye-laws.
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- 21.
Politically enlightened people may still feel discouraged in the political affairs of their society because of political
- A.selflessness
- B.contentment
- C.participation
- D.marginalization
Show answer
Answer: D. marginalization
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- 22.
Use the dialogue below to answer the question below. Mr. Ganaba: Mr. Kotoun, where are you going with hoe and cutlass on a day that has been set aside for the rescheduled gubernatorial election in our state? Mr. Katoun: I am going to the farm to harvest some tubers of yam for the next market day. I don't need to remind you that we have been made our own government. Therefore, the sale of this product is much more beneficial to me and my family than whoever becomes the next governor. From the dialogue above, Mr. katoun has demonstrated
This question refers to an extract from the original paper, which isn't shown here.
- A.survival mode
- B.intolerance
- C.apathy
- D.hard work
Show answer
Answer: C. apathy
AI explanation
Analyze the question: The dialogue is about an election day. Mr. Ganaba is surprised that Mr. Katoun is heading to the farm instead of voting. Mr. Katoun says selling his yams matters more to him and his family than who becomes the next governor. We are asked what attitude this shows.
Explain the concept: Political apathy means a lack of interest or concern in political activities, such as voting, attending political meetings, or taking part in civic duties. An apathetic citizen feels that politics makes no difference to them, so they do not participate.
Step-by-step solution:
- The day is set aside for the gubernatorial election, a key civic duty for citizens.
- Mr. Katoun chooses to go to the farm instead of voting.
- He says the sale of his yams is "much more beneficial" to him than whoever becomes governor. This shows he does not care about the election's outcome.
- Checking the options: • A. Survival mode: He is not in desperate need. He simply prefers his farm business to voting. • B. Intolerance: This means refusing to accept others' views or behavior. Nothing in the dialogue shows this. • C. Apathy: He shows indifference to the election and the political process. This fits. • D. Hard work: Farming is hard work, but the question is about his attitude to the election, so this misses the point.
**Correct answer: C.
Exam tip: When a Civic Education question describes someone ignoring voting or showing no interest in political matters, think apathy. Remember: Apathy = "I don't care" attitude toward civic duties.
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- 23.
A society that is free from HIVIAIDS infected persons will likely experience
- A.increase in level of poverty
- B.increase in productivity
- C.loss of man power
- D.high death rate
Show answer
Answer: B. increase in productivity
AI explanation
Analyze the question: The question asks what a society with no HIV/AIDS-infected persons will likely experience. Since the society is free of the disease, we are looking for a positive outcome.
Explain the concept: HIV/AIDS weakens the immune system and mostly affects people in their productive years (young adults and the working-age population). A society heavily affected by it suffers:
- Loss of skilled workers and manpower
- Reduced output and earnings
- High medical costs, which worsen poverty
- Higher death rates and more orphans
When a society is free from HIV/AIDS, these effects are reversed.
Step-by-step solution:
- A. Increase in level of poverty: Wrong. Poverty tends to fall when people stay healthy, work, and spend less on treatment.
- B. Increase in productivity: Correct. A healthy workforce stays at work, earns, and contributes more to the economy. Output rises.
- C. Loss of manpower: Wrong. This is what happens when HIV/AIDS is present, because workers fall ill and die.
- D. High death rate: Wrong. Without HIV/AIDS-related deaths, the death rate is lower.
Options A, C and D are all negative consequences of the disease, so they cannot come from a society free of it. Only B is a positive outcome.
**Answer: B. Increase in productivity.
Exam tip: In "free from..." or "absence of..." questions, flip the effects of the problem. If the disease causes poverty, manpower loss and deaths, then its absence brings the opposite: better productivity and growth. Eliminate the options that describe the problem's own effects.
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- 24.
Use the cartoon image to answer the question below. A way Chief Jeunkoku can evade sanction is if there is
- A.presence of checks and balances
- B.operational principle of rule of law
- C.supremacy of the constitution
- D.a weak and compromised judiciary
Show answer
Answer: A. presence of checks and balances
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- 25.
Paying our taxes and assisting the government in the fight against crime are examples of
- A.civil obligations
- B.social obligations
- C.economic obligations
- D.cultural obligations
Show answer
Answer: A. civil obligations
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- 26.
The right to vie for public office falls under
- A.economic rights
- B.political rights
- C.social rights
- D.religious rights
Show answer
Answer: B. political rights
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which category of rights includes the right to vie for (contest for) public office.
Step 2: Explain the concept Citizens' rights are grouped by the area of life they protect:
- Economic rights: relate to work, earning a living, owning property (e.g., right to join a trade union, right to own property).
- Political rights: relate to taking part in governance (e.g., right to vote, right to be voted for, right to join a political party, right to contest elections, right to hold public office).
- Social rights: relate to community and welfare (e.g., right to education, healthcare, marriage and family life).
- Religious rights: relate to freedom of worship and belief.
Step 3: Apply the concept "Vying for public office" means contesting an election or seeking appointment to a government position. This is a way of participating in the government of your country. It is the "right to be voted for", which is a classic political right.
Step 4: Eliminate wrong options
- A. Economic rights: about work and property, not governance.
- C. Social rights: about welfare and social life.
- D. Religious rights: about worship and belief.
Answer: B. Political rights
Exam tip: Link keywords to categories. "Vote," "contest," "be voted for," "join a political party," and "hold office" all point to political rights. "Work," "property," and "trade union" point to economic rights.
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- 27.
The sole aim of youth empowerment is to
- A.encourage students to take on a vacation job
- B.learn to earn money and also how to manage it
- C.learn how to behave in a work related environment
- D.give youths financial independence and self reliance
Show answer
Answer: D. give youths financial independence and self reliance
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the sole aim (main purpose) of youth empowerment. Youth empowerment is about giving young people the skills, resources, and opportunities to take charge of their own lives.
Step 2: Explain the concept Youth empowerment means equipping young people (usually ages 15-35) with:
- Skills (vocational, technical, and entrepreneurial)
- Resources (start-up capital, tools, training)
- Opportunities (jobs, loans, mentorship)
The goal is to help them become financially independent and self-reliant, so they can support themselves, contribute to the economy, and avoid unemployment, poverty, and social vices. In Nigeria, programmes like N-Power, YouWiN, and the SMEDAN youth schemes are examples.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Vacation job for students: This is only a short-term activity and does not capture the full purpose of empowerment. ✗
- B. Learn to earn money and manage it: This is partly true, but it describes only one part (financial literacy), not the overall aim. ✗
- C. Learn how to behave in a work environment: This is work etiquette, which is only a small part of the process. ✗
- D. Give youths financial independence and self-reliance: This captures the broad, ultimate goal of empowerment programmes. ✓
Step 4: Answer The correct option is D.
Step 5: Exam tip When a question uses words like "sole aim" or "main objective", pick the option that states the overall, ultimate goal, not a step or activity along the way. For empowerment questions, look for the key words "self-reliance" and "independence".
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- 28.
Use the dialogue below to answer the question below. Mr. Ganaba: Mr. Kotoun, where are you going with hoe and cutlass on a day that has been set aside for the rescheduled gubernatorial election in our state? Mr. Katoun: I am going to the farm to harvest some tubers of yam for the next market day. I don't need to remind you that we have been made our own government. Therefore, the sale of this product is much more beneficial to me and my family than whoever becomes the next governor. As seen in the dialogue above, Mr. Ganaba is involved in an essential community service as
This question refers to an extract from the original paper, which isn't shown here.
- A.a social mobilizer
- B.a political analyst
- C.an election observer
- D.a party official
Show answer
Answer: A. a social mobilizer
AI explanation
Analyze the question: Mr. Ganaba sees Mr. Kotoun heading to the farm on election day. He questions him about it, which implies he is urging people to take part in the election. We need to name the role that fits this community service.
Concept: Different roles in an election:
- Social mobilizer: A person who encourages and persuades community members to take part in civic activities such as voting, census, or immunisation campaigns.
- Political analyst: Studies and comments on political events and trends.
- Election observer: Monitors the conduct of the election, watching the process, not persuading voters.
- Party official: Works for a particular political party and promotes its candidates.
Solution:
- Mr. Ganaba does not mention any party or candidate, so he is not acting as a party official.
- He is not analysing political trends, so he is not a political analyst.
- He is not monitoring polling procedures, so he is not an election observer.
- He is questioning a citizen who is skipping the election and, by implication, reminding him of his civic duty to vote. This is exactly what a social mobilizer does: he motivates people to take part in a civic activity.
Answer: A. a social mobilizer
Tip: In Civic Education, when someone is encouraging or reminding citizens to participate (voting, vaccination, census), think "social mobilizer". When someone is watching the process, think "observer". When someone is promoting a party, think "party official".
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- 29.
The phrase no man is an island... means that
- A.mankind needs other plants and animals to survive
- B.citizens cannot operate without help of a government
- C.individuals need the cooperation o of others to progress
- D.humans need to marry and have life partners
Show answer
Answer: C. individuals need the cooperation o of others to progress
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the meaning of the phrase "no man is an island." It comes from the poet John Donne and is often used in Civic Education when discussing interdependence and cooperation.
Step 2: Explain the concept An island is a piece of land completely surrounded by water, cut off from other land. If someone is "an island," they live in isolation and depend on no one. Saying "no man is an island" means that nobody can live or succeed completely alone. People depend on one another, which is why we have families, communities, markets, schools, and nations. This idea is called interdependence.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Mankind needs other plants and animals to survive: This is true in biology, but the phrase is about human relationships, not ecology. ❌
- B. Citizens cannot operate without help of a government: The phrase is not about government specifically. ❌
- C. Individuals need the cooperation of others to progress: This matches the meaning of interdependence and cooperation among people. ✅
- D. Humans need to marry and have life partners: This is too narrow. The phrase is not about marriage. ❌
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C.
Tip: When you see a figurative phrase in Civic Education, translate it into its plain meaning. "Island" = isolated, so "no man is an island" = nobody is isolated, so people need each other. Look for the option that talks about cooperation or interdependence, and avoid options that are too narrow (like D) or that shift the topic (like A and B).
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- 30.
People living with HIVIAIDS (PLWHA) are stigmatized by
- A.refusal of privileges
- B.exploitation by care givers
- C.refusal to be voted for in election
- D.refusing to respect their authority
Show answer
Answer: A. refusal of privileges
AI explanation
Analyze the question: The question asks how people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are stigmatized. Stigma means negative attitudes, discrimination, and unfair treatment directed at a person because of a condition or status.
Explain the concept: Stigmatization of PLWHA usually shows up as:
- Social rejection and isolation
- Denial of rights, opportunities, and privileges (such as access to schooling, jobs, housing, or social activities)
- Name-calling and gossip
- Blaming the person for their condition
Evaluate the options:
- A. Refusal of privileges: This is a direct form of stigma. Society denies PLWHA access to opportunities and benefits that others enjoy, only because of their health status. This fits.
- B. Exploitation by care givers: This is abuse or mistreatment. It can happen, but it is not the standard definition of stigma, which is about social rejection and discrimination.
- C. Refusal to be voted for in election: This is very specific. Nothing makes it the general or typical example of stigma, and it is not the best answer.
- D. Refusing to respect their authority: This applies only to people who hold positions of authority, so it is too narrow.
Answer: Option A matches the general idea of stigma, which is discrimination through the denial of rights and privileges.
Exam tip: In Civic Education, when you see "stigma" or "discrimination," look for the option that describes denial, rejection, or exclusion in general terms. Narrow or situation-specific options are usually distractors.
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- 31.
Membership of an organization associated with secrecy of operations in the society is an indication of
- A.activism
- B.cultism
- C.radicalism
- D.spiritism
Show answer
Answer: B. cultism
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- 32.
Which of the following has the power to impeach the president in Nigeria?
- A.executive
- B.Judiciary
- C.Legislature
- D.Supreme court
Show answer
Answer: C. Legislature
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which body or arm of government can impeach (remove from office for gross misconduct) the President of Nigeria.
Step 2: Explain the concept Nigeria practices separation of powers, with three arms of government:
- Executive: implements laws (President, Vice-President, Ministers)
- Legislature: makes laws (the National Assembly, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives)
- Judiciary: interprets laws (the courts)
Under Section 143 of the 1999 Constitution, the power to impeach the President belongs to the National Assembly, which is the legislature. This works as a check and balance on the executive.
Step 3: The impeachment process
- At least one-third of the members of the National Assembly sign a notice of allegation of gross misconduct against the President.
- The notice goes to the Senate President, who serves it on the President.
- The Senate then sets up a panel of 7 persons to investigate the allegation.
- If the panel finds the allegation proven, the report goes to both Houses.
- A vote of at least two-thirds of all members of the National Assembly is needed to remove the President.
The judiciary only has a limited role here: the Chief Justice of Nigeria appoints the panel members, but the courts do not impeach.
Step 4: Evaluate the options
- A. Executive: the President is part of this arm, so it cannot impeach itself. ✗
- B. Judiciary: it interprets laws and does not remove the President. ✗
- C. Legislature: it has constitutional power to impeach. ✓
- D. Supreme Court: it is part of the judiciary and the highest court, but it does not impeach. ✗
Correct answer: C. Legislature
Exam tip: Remember "Legislature checks the Executive": impeachment, oversight, and approval of appointments. Also note that the term "impeach" for the President and Vice-President is done by the National Assembly, while for governors it is done by the State House of Assembly.
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- 33.
Use the image to answer the question below. The aim of those engaged in the activity captured in the image is to
- A.obtain relevant skills
- B.acquire formal knowledge
- C.source for extra income
- D.develop interpersonal skill
Show answer
Answer: B. acquire formal knowledge
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- 34.
A child who is forced to engage in hawking all day must have been denied the right to
- A.fair hearing
- B.expression
- C.education
- D.life
Show answer
Answer: C. education
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question A child is forced to hawk (sell goods on the street) all day. We need to identify which right is being denied.
Step 2: Concept Child labour and street hawking keep children from school. Under the Nigerian Constitution, the Child's Rights Act 2003, and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, every child has the right to free and compulsory basic education. A child busy hawking all day cannot attend school or study.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Fair hearing: This concerns court or tribunal proceedings, so it has nothing to do with hawking.
- B. Expression: This is the right to speak and share ideas. Hawking does not directly take this away.
- C. Education: Hawking all day leaves no time for school, so this right is denied.
- D. Life: This right is about not being killed arbitrarily. Hawking can be dangerous, but it does not directly deny the right to life.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. education.
Tip: In Civic Education, link the situation to the most direct right affected. A child working during school hours points to education. Forced labour in general points to freedom from forced labour or exploitation, and a trial situation points to fair hearing.
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- 35.
A ban on public lectures and symposiums is against the right to freedom of
- A.movement and right to speech
- B.worship and fair hearing
- C.electronic and print media
- D.peaceful assembly and association
Show answer
Answer: D. peaceful assembly and association
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which fundamental human right is violated when public lectures and symposiums are banned. Public lectures and symposiums are gatherings where people come together to share ideas.
Step 2: Explain the concept Chapter IV of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria guarantees fundamental human rights. Among them:
- Section 40: Right to peaceful assembly and association. Citizens can gather freely with others and form or join groups, such as unions, clubs, and political parties.
- Section 39: Freedom of expression and the press.
- Section 38: Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion.
- Section 41: Freedom of movement.
- Section 36: Right to fair hearing.
Step 3: Work through the options
- A. Movement and right to speech: Movement concerns travelling freely, so this is not the best fit. Speech is related, but the pairing is weaker than option D.
- B. Worship and fair hearing: Worship is about religion, and fair hearing is about court trials. Neither applies.
- C. Electronic and print media: This concerns press freedom, not gatherings.
- D. Peaceful assembly and association: Public lectures and symposiums are gatherings of people. Banning them directly restricts the right to assemble and associate peacefully.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is D, peaceful assembly and association.
Exam tip: When a question mentions gatherings, meetings, rallies, lectures, protests, or forming groups, think assembly and association. When it mentions newspapers, radio, TV, or expressing opinions, think expression and the press.
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- 36.
Which of the following is not a feature of civil society?
- A.Protection of the interest of society
- B.Voluntary membership and participatioon
- C.Respect for constituted authority
- D.Soliciting for political patronage
Show answer
Answer: D. Soliciting for political patronage
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question We need the option that is not a feature of civil society.
Step 2: The concept Civil society refers to non-governmental, non-profit groups and associations that stand between the individual and the state. Examples in Nigeria include the Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), the Red Cross, community development associations and religious groups.
Key features of civil society:
- Voluntary membership and participation
- Independence from government and political parties
- Protection and promotion of the interests of society or their members
- Promotion of accountability, transparency and good governance
- Respect for law and constituted authority (they work within the law)
- Non-profit, non-partisan orientation
Step 3: Test each option
- A. Protection of the interest of society: This is a core role of civil society, so it is a feature.
- B. Voluntary membership and participation: People join freely, so it is a feature.
- C. Respect for constituted authority: Civil society operates within the law and respects legitimate authority, even when it criticizes government, so it is a feature.
- D. Soliciting for political patronage: Civil society is meant to be independent and non-partisan. Seeking favours, appointments or benefits from politicians goes against that independence, so it is not a feature.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is D.
Tip: In "which is NOT a feature" questions, look for the option that contradicts the group's core nature. Civil society means voluntary, independent, non-partisan, law-abiding. Anything involving political favours or partisan gain is the odd one out.
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- 37.
The deliberate effort to avoid behaving abnormally when faced with pressure can be termed
- A.self esteem
- B.self control
- C.integrity
- D.determination
Show answer
Answer: B. self control
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the term describing a deliberate effort to avoid behaving abnormally when under pressure. The key ideas are "deliberate effort," "avoid abnormal behaviour," and "pressure."
Step 2: Explain the concepts
- Self esteem: How much value and confidence you have in yourself. It is about self-worth, not controlling behaviour.
- Self control: The ability to regulate your emotions, impulses, and actions, especially under stress, temptation, or pressure, so you do not act inappropriately.
- Integrity: Being honest and consistently holding to moral principles.
- Determination: Firmness of purpose, or the drive to keep going until a goal is achieved.
Step 3: Apply to the question Avoiding abnormal behaviour (such as outbursts, aggression, or giving in to bad influence) when under pressure means managing your reactions on purpose. That is exactly what self control means. Example: a student who stays calm and does not cheat during a tough exam, or does not fight back when provoked, is showing self control.
Integrity concerns honesty and moral uprightness, and determination concerns persistence. Neither is mainly about regulating your reactions under pressure.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is **B.
Tip: Link keywords to concepts. "Pressure + regulating behaviour" points to self control. "Honesty and moral principles" points to integrity. "Never giving up" points to determination.
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- 38.
Use the dialogue below to answer the question below. Mr. Ganaba: Mr. Kotoun, where are you going with hoe and cutlass on a day that has been set aside for the rescheduled gubernatorial election in our state? Mr. Katoun: I am going to the farm to harvest some tubers of yam for the next market day. I don't need to remind you that we have been made our own government. Therefore, the sale of this product is much more beneficial to me and my family than whoever becomes the next governor. The behaviour of Mr. Katoun in the dialogue above can be traced to the following factors except
This question refers to an extract from the original paper, which isn't shown here.
- A.inadequate security at polling booths
- B.poor technology
- C.unfulfilled manifestoes
- D.existence of endemic corruption
Show answer
Answer: B. poor technology
AI explanation
Analyze the question: Mr. Katoun skips voting to go to his farm. This is voter apathy, meaning a lack of interest in the electoral process. The question asks which option is NOT a cause of this behaviour.
Concept: Voter apathy in Nigeria is commonly traced to:
- Loss of trust in politicians because promises (manifestoes) are not kept
- Corruption and a feeling that "nothing will change"
- Fear of violence, thuggery and poor security at polling units
- Belief that votes do not count because of rigging
- Poverty, where daily survival matters more than politics
Check each option:
- A. Inadequate security at polling booths: People may stay away for fear of violence or thuggery. This is a cause.
- B. Poor technology: This can affect how efficiently elections are run, but it is not what drives Mr. Katoun's attitude. His reasoning is about economic benefit and a lack of faith in leaders, not about technology. This is not a cause of his behaviour.
- C. Unfulfilled manifestoes: Broken promises make people feel that who becomes governor makes no difference to them. This is a cause. His remark that the sale of yam benefits him more than "whoever becomes the next governor" reflects exactly this.
- D. Existence of endemic corruption: Widespread corruption makes citizens lose faith in the system. This is a cause.
Answer: The factor that does not explain his behaviour is poor technology, which is option B.
Exam tip: For "except" questions, first name the underlying concept (here, voter apathy). Then cross out every option that clearly links to trust, security or fairness. The one left over is the answer. Remember the apathy causes: insecurity, broken promises, corruption, rigging, poverty.
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- 39.
Which of the following would have likely saved Chalyn from falling into the hands of traffickers?
- A.adequate remunerations for civil servants
- B.an established family business
- C.moral upbringing and solid parental care
- D.adequate family planning
Show answer
Answer: B. an established family business
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- 40.
Use this image to answer the question below The people depicted in the image are engaged in
- A.community service
- B.personal development
- C.empowerment scheme
- D.fashion design
Show answer
Answer: A. community service
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- 41.
An importance of effective parenting is that it ensures
- A.adequate formal education of the children
- B.provision of secondary needs for the family
- C.family members know how to socialize
- D.morally upright wards are bred for the society
Show answer
Answer: D. morally upright wards are bred for the society
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- 42.
Cultism is usually not associated with
- A.rustication
- B.academic excellence
- C.stigmatization
- D.spiritual problems
Show answer
Answer: B. academic excellence
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- 43.
Orderliness in society is best guaranteed when all citizens
- A.obey rules and regulations
- B.respect and humble themselves
- C.are proud to be associated with the society
- D.know the sanctions for violation of laws
Show answer
Answer: A. obey rules and regulations
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what best guarantees orderliness in society. Orderliness means people behave in a disciplined, organized, peaceful way, following established standards.
Step 2: Explain the concept Orderliness is created by compliance with the laws, rules, and regulations that govern behavior. Rules set the standards of conduct, such as traffic laws, school rules, and community by-laws. Order exists only when citizens actually follow them.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Obey rules and regulations: This is the direct cause of orderliness. If everyone obeys, there is no chaos, and society runs smoothly. ✔
- B. Respect and humble themselves: Respect and humility are good values, but they are personal attitudes. They do not by themselves guarantee that people follow the rules that keep order.
- C. Are proud to be associated with the society: This is patriotism or pride. It may encourage good conduct, but it does not guarantee orderly behavior.
- D. Know the sanctions for violation of laws: Knowing the punishments may discourage wrongdoing, but knowing is not the same as acting. Order comes from obeying the laws, not merely from being aware of the penalties.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is A. obey rules and regulations.
Tip: In Civic Education, when a question asks what produces order, peace, or discipline, look for the option that names an action (obeying laws) rather than an attitude (pride, respect) or mere knowledge (knowing sanctions). Words like "guarantee" and "best" point to the most direct cause.
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- 44.
An established way Labour Unions protect the interest of workers is
- A.police action
- B.hunger strike
- C.industrial action
- D.mass resignation
Show answer
Answer: C. industrial action
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for an established (recognised, standard, lawful) method that labour unions use to protect workers' interests, such as better pay, safe working conditions and job security.
Step 2: Explain the concept Labour unions (e.g., the Nigeria Labour Congress, NLC, and the Trade Union Congress, TUC) bargain with employers and government on behalf of workers. When negotiation fails, they use industrial action. This includes:
- Strikes (total or warning strikes)
- Go-slow
- Sit-in or work-to-rule
- Picketing and boycotts
Industrial action is recognised under Nigerian labour law as a legitimate way for workers to press their demands, provided the proper procedures are followed.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Police action: The police enforce law and order. They are not a tool of labour unions, so this is wrong.
- B. Hunger strike: This is an individual or group protest in which people refuse to eat. It is not the standard method of labour unions.
- C. Industrial action: This is the established, collective and recognised method unions use to pressure employers or government. ✔
- D. Mass resignation: This would leave workers jobless and weaken their position, so unions do not use it as a way of protecting workers.
Step 4: Answer The correct answer is C. industrial action.
Tip: In Civic Education, whenever you see "labour unions" together with "protect workers' interests," think of collective bargaining, strike and industrial action. The word "action" in the option is often a clue, but remember to check that it fits the context, as "police action" does not.
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- 45.
Use the cartoon image to answer the question below. The phrase the music has changed refers to the fact that
- A.checks and balances are no longer effective
- B.public servants are to show partisanship
- C.there was corruption in the public service sector
- D.the activities of the judiciary should be checkmated
Show answer
Answer: D. the activities of the judiciary should be checkmated
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- 46.
Use this image to answer this question, The traffic sign in the image is to caution road drivers that
- A.pedestrians crossing is in progress therefore, all cars should wait patiently for them
- B.a designated bus-stop is ahead where school children can be picked and dropped
- C.pedestrians are to hold hands together so as to support one another when crosssing
- D.they need to move fast because of the presence of a school zone
Show answer
Answer: D. they need to move fast because of the presence of a school zone
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- 47.
Constitutional democracy is also known as
- A.limited government
- B.Communalism
- C.communism
- D.absolute government
Show answer
Answer: A. limited government
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for another name for "constitutional democracy."
Step 2: Explain the concept A constitutional democracy is a system where the people choose their leaders, but those leaders must govern according to a constitution. The constitution sets out the powers of government, divides authority among the executive, legislature, and judiciary, and protects citizens' rights. Because government power is restricted by law, this system is also called limited government.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Limited government: Correct. The constitution limits what rulers can do, so no one is above the law.
- B. Communalism: This is a social system based on community ownership or group living, as in traditional village life. It is not a form of democracy.
- C. Communism: This is an economic and political ideology in which the state controls property and production, usually under a one-party system. It is not a constitutional democracy.
- D. Absolute government: This is the opposite. In an absolute government, the ruler has unlimited power, as in an absolute monarchy or a dictatorship.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is A. limited government.
Exam tip: Link the words to the idea. "Constitution" means rules that limit power, so constitutional democracy means limited government. Whenever you see "absolute," think of unlimited power, which is the opposite.
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- 48.
A major reason that fosters healthy interpersonal relationship is
- A.pursuit of money
- B.party politics
- C.common goals
- D.culture
Show answer
Answer: C. common goals
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what mainly fosters (encourages and strengthens) healthy interpersonal relationships, meaning good relationships between people.
Step 2: Explain the concept Interpersonal relationships are the bonds between individuals, such as friends, classmates, colleagues, and family members. They thrive on mutual respect, trust, honesty, cooperation, communication, and shared purpose. When people work toward the same aims, they cooperate and support one another, which reduces conflict.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Pursuit of money: This often leads to greed, rivalry, and conflict. It does not reliably build healthy relationships.
- B. Party politics: This often divides people because of differing loyalties and interests. It can cause tension, so it is not a unifying factor.
- C. Common goals: When people share objectives, they cooperate, communicate, and support each other. This builds trust and unity, so it fits the question best.
- D. Culture: Culture shapes how people behave and relate, but it is a broad background influence. Different cultures can also cause misunderstandings. It is not the major reason that fosters healthy relationships.
Step 4: Identify the answer The best answer is C. common goals.
Exam tip: In Civic Education, the answer that stresses cooperation, unity, respect, or shared purpose is usually correct. Be wary of options like money or party politics, which suggest division or selfishness.
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- 49.
Which of the following agents is not saddled with the responsibility of maintaining traffic regulation in Nigeria ?
- A.Vehicle Inspection officer
- B.Nigerian Customs Officer
- C.Police Traffic Warden
- D.Corps Marshal
Show answer
Answer: B. Nigerian Customs Officer
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question We are asked to find the agent that is not responsible for maintaining traffic regulation (road traffic control) in Nigeria. This is an "exception" question, so we look for the odd one out.
Step 2: Review the concept Traffic regulation in Nigeria is handled by several bodies:
- Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC): Its head is the Corps Marshal, and its officers enforce traffic laws on highways.
- Nigeria Police Force: Its Traffic Wardens and traffic police direct traffic and enforce road rules.
- Vehicle Inspection Officers (VIO): They inspect vehicles for roadworthiness and enforce road regulations at state level.
- Nigeria Customs Service: Its job is to collect import and export duties, prevent smuggling, and control the movement of goods across borders. It does not regulate traffic.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Vehicle Inspection Officer: involved in road and vehicle regulation. ✔ (does traffic regulation)
- B. Nigerian Customs Officer: handles border and import/export duties. ✘ (not traffic regulation)
- C. Police Traffic Warden: directly controls traffic. ✔
- D. Corps Marshal: heads the FRSC, which is in charge of road safety and traffic enforcement. ✔
Step 4: Answer The agent not saddled with traffic regulation is the Nigerian Customs Officer, which is option B.
Exam tip: Match each agency to its core function. FRSC, Police, and VIO deal with roads. Customs deals with borders and goods. For "which is NOT" questions, find the one whose main duty is clearly different from the rest.
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- 50.
A system of government where the ultimate power resides in the people is
- A.plutocracy
- B.aristocracy
- C.theocracy
- D.democracy
Show answer
Answer: D. democracy
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the system of government in which ultimate (final) power belongs to the people.
Step 2: Explain the concepts The suffix -cracy comes from the Greek word kratos, meaning "power" or "rule". The prefix tells you who holds that power:
- Plutocracy (ploutos = wealth): rule by the rich.
- Aristocracy (aristos = best): rule by a small noble or privileged class.
- Theocracy (theos = god): rule by religious leaders, with the government claiming divine authority.
- Democracy (demos = people): rule by the people, either directly or through elected representatives.
Step 3: Solve
- A is wrong because power rests with the wealthy.
- B is wrong because power rests with a privileged few.
- C is wrong because power rests with religious authorities or a deity.
- D is correct because demos means "people", so the people hold ultimate power. In Nigeria, this is expressed in Section 14(2)(a) of the 1999 Constitution: "sovereignty belongs to the people of Nigeria from whom the government derives all its powers and authority."
Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. democracy.
Tip: Look at the Greek root before the -cracy ending. For demo-, think of "demonstration", where ordinary people gather. Plutocracy sounds like "Pluto's riches", which helps you link it to wealth.
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