2020 WAEC (WASSCE) Civic Education Past Questions and Answers
The 2020 WAEC (WASSCE) Civic Education past questions with answers: 50 objective questions from the 2020 paper in the DeeepSolve question bank, each with its answer behind "Show answer". Try each question before you check, then practise the paper as a timed WAEC-style CBT.
Past questions © the examination body (JAMB/WAEC/NECO). DeeepSolve is not affiliated with them. Rights holders: see /copyright.
Questions
- 1.
The act of recruiting and trading of persons for the purpose of commercial exploitation is known as
- A.slave trade
- B.human trafficking
- C.human rights abuse
- D.amnesty violations
Show answer
Answer: B. human trafficking
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the term describing recruiting and trading of persons for commercial exploitation. The key words are "recruiting," "trading of persons," and "exploitation."
Step 2: Explain the concept Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons through force, fraud, or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit. The exploitation can take the form of forced labour, sexual exploitation, child labour, or organ removal. In Nigeria, NAPTIP (National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons) is the agency that fights this crime.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Slave trade: This is a historical practice of buying and selling people as property, such as the trans-Atlantic slave trade. It is related, but it is not the modern term for recruiting persons for commercial exploitation.
- B. Human trafficking: This matches the definition exactly, covering recruitment, trading, and exploitation for profit.
- C. Human rights abuse: This is a broad term for any violation of rights, so it is too general.
- D. Amnesty violations: This is not a standard concept in this context.
Step 4: Answer The correct answer is B. human trafficking.
Tip: Link the keywords "recruiting," "transporting," and "exploitation" with trafficking. "Slave trade" usually points to the historical period, while "human trafficking" is the modern term you will see in Civic Education questions.
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- 2.
Activities that act to clog the wheel of societal progress can be described as
- A.family issues
- B.cultural vices
- C.religious issues
- D.social vices
Show answer
Answer: D. social vices
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- 3.
The approval of the government budget is the responsibility of the
- A..judiciary
- B.legislature
- C.ministers
- D.executive
Show answer
Answer: B. legislature
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which arm of government approves the budget. Note the word approval, not preparation.
Step 2: The concept Government has three arms, each with its own role:
- Executive (President/Governor, ministers): implements laws and prepares and presents the budget (the "Appropriation Bill").
- Legislature (National Assembly, State Houses of Assembly): makes laws, scrutinizes, amends and approves the budget, and controls public spending.
- Judiciary (courts): interprets laws and settles disputes.
Step 3: Solution
- A. Judiciary: it interprets laws and has no role in approving budgets. ❌
- B. Legislature: after the President presents the budget, the National Assembly debates it, reviews it through its committees, and passes it into law as the Appropriation Act. ✅
- C. Ministers: they prepare their ministry's budget proposals, but they do not approve them. ❌
- D. Executive: it proposes the budget but cannot approve it alone. ❌
Step 4: Answer The approval of the government budget is the responsibility of the legislature, which is option B.
Exam tip: Remember "Executive proposes, Legislature disposes." The executive prepares and presents the budget, and the legislature approves it. Watch the key verbs in the question: prepare/present → executive, approve/pass → legislature.
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- 4.
One importance of constituted authority is that it leads to
- A.maintenance of law and other
- B.concentration of power
- C.immunity of elected leaders
- D.arbitrary use of power
Show answer
Answer: A. maintenance of law and other
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for one importance (benefit) of constituted authority. Constituted authority means the legitimate power or institutions (government, police, courts, legislature) established by the constitution or law to govern a society.
Step 2: Explain the concept Constituted authority exists to keep society running smoothly. It is legally recognized, so it:
- Makes and enforces laws
- Maintains peace, order and discipline
- Protects citizens' lives and property
- Settles disputes through the courts
- Provides public services and development
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Maintenance of law and order: Correct. Option A has a typing slip ("law and other" should read "law and order"), but it is clearly the intended meaning. Keeping law and order is a core purpose of constituted authority.
- B. Concentration of power: Wrong. Constitutions aim to separate and limit power (for example, the executive, legislature and judiciary), not concentrate it in one place.
- C. Immunity of elected leaders: Wrong. Immunity is a special legal protection for certain office holders. It is not the general importance of constituted authority.
- D. Arbitrary use of power: Wrong. Constituted authority operates under the rule of law and is meant to prevent arbitrary or abusive use of power.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is A, maintenance of law and order.
Exam tip: In Civic Education, be wary of options with negative words like "arbitrary," "concentration," or "abuse." Good governance and constituted authority are usually linked with positive outcomes such as order, justice, peace, and protection of rights. Also, don't let a typo in an option distract you. Read for the intended meaning.
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- 5.
The Senate and House of Representatives in Nigeria constitutes the
- A.Federal Congress
- B.National Parliament
- C.Federal Legislature
- D.National Assembly
Show answer
Answer: D. National Assembly
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the name given to the Senate and the House of Representatives when they are taken together in Nigeria.
Step 2: Explain the concept Nigeria operates a presidential system with three arms of government:
- Executive: the President, Vice-President and Ministers
- Legislature: makes laws
- Judiciary: interprets laws
At the federal level, the legislature is bicameral, meaning it has two chambers:
- The Senate (109 members: 3 from each state and 1 from the FCT)
- The House of Representatives (360 members)
Section 4 of the 1999 Constitution (as amended) states: "The legislative powers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria shall be vested in a National Assembly for the Federation, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives."
Step 3: Check the options
- A. Federal Congress: Wrong. "Congress" is the term used in the USA, not Nigeria.
- B. National Parliament: Wrong. "Parliament" is used in the UK and some other Commonwealth countries, but not in Nigeria's constitution.
- C. Federal Legislature: This describes the arm of government in general, but it is not the official name of the two chambers together.
- D. National Assembly: Correct. This is the official constitutional name.
Step 4: Answer The Senate and the House of Representatives together form the National Assembly, which is option D.
Exam tip: Remember the pattern "National Assembly = Senate + House of Reps." For the states, the legislature is the State House of Assembly, which is unicameral. Do not confuse "Congress" (USA) or "Parliament" (UK) with Nigeria's own term.
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- 6.
All regulatory road signs can be categorized into
- A.mandatory and mediative
- B.punitive and prohibitive
- C.prohibitive and mandatory
- D.persuasive and informative
Show answer
Answer: C. prohibitive and mandatory
AI explanation
Analyze the question: The question asks how regulatory road signs are categorized. Regulatory signs are those that control driver behavior and must be obeyed by law.
Explain the concept: Road signs fall into three main groups:
- Regulatory signs - give orders and control traffic. They are divided into: • Prohibitive signs - tell you what you must NOT do (e.g., No Entry, No Parking, No Overtaking, Speed Limit). • Mandatory signs - tell you what you MUST do (e.g., Turn Left, Keep Left, Stop).
- Warning (cautionary) signs - alert you to hazards ahead (e.g., sharp bend, school zone).
- Informative signs - give information about places, directions, and facilities.
Step-by-step solution:
- A. "Mediative" is not a category of road signs, so A is wrong.
- B. "Punitive" refers to punishment and is not a sign category, so B is wrong.
- C. Prohibitive and mandatory are the two classes of regulatory signs, so C is correct.
- D. Persuasive is not a sign category, and informative signs are a separate group from regulatory signs, so D is wrong.
Answer: The correct option is C. prohibitive and mandatory.
Exam tip: Remember "Regulatory = Rules = Must / Must Not." Mandatory means you must do it, and prohibitive means you are forbidden. Regulatory signs are usually circular, while warning signs are usually triangular.
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- 7.
From the dialogue above, the problem of Zainab is that of
This question refers to an extract from the original paper, which isn't shown here.
- A.stigmatization
- B.ignorance
- C.infection.
- D.pride
Show answer
Answer: C. infection.
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- 8.
Representative democracy thrives on
- A.educated electorates
- B.formation of political parties
- C.free and fair elections
- D.equal gender representation
Show answer
Answer: C. free and fair elections
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what representative democracy "thrives on," meaning the essential condition that keeps it working.
Step 2: Explain the concept In a representative democracy, citizens do not rule directly. Instead, they choose people to make decisions on their behalf. The power of those representatives comes from the consent of the people, and that consent is given through voting.
For this system to be legitimate, the process of choosing representatives must be:
- Free: no intimidation, force, or manipulation of voters
- Fair: every eligible citizen has an equal chance to vote and be voted for, and votes are counted honestly
If the elections are rigged or coerced, the "representatives" do not truly represent the people, and the system loses its meaning.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Educated electorates: Helpful, since informed voters make better choices, but democracy still functions without a fully educated population. It is an aid, not the foundation.
- B. Formation of political parties: Parties are a feature of most democracies and provide a way to organise, but they are a tool, not the core requirement.
- C. Free and fair elections: This is the mechanism through which representatives get their authority. Without it, representation is not genuine.
- D. Equal gender representation: A desirable goal for inclusiveness, but not what the system fundamentally depends on.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. free and fair elections.
Tip: When you see "thrives on" or "is the backbone of" in a Civic Education question about democracy, think about the process that gives leaders their legitimacy. Elections are the link between the people and their representatives. Remember: "No free and fair election, no true representation."
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- 9.
Which of the following agencies carries out scrutiny of vehicles for roadworthiness in Nigeria?
- A.Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Crops
- B.The Nigeria Police
- C.Vehicle Inspection Office
- D.Nigeria Customs Services
Show answer
Answer: C. Vehicle Inspection Office
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which agency checks vehicles to confirm they are roadworthy, meaning safe and fit to be driven on public roads.
Step 2: Explain the concept In Nigeria, roadworthiness is checked through vehicle inspection. The body in charge is the Vehicle Inspection Office (VIO), which operates at the state level and is also linked with the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC). It inspects things like brakes, tyres, lights, steering, and general vehicle condition. It also issues the Roadworthiness Certificate.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC): It protects lives and property and guards critical national assets and infrastructure. It does not inspect vehicles.
- B. The Nigeria Police: It maintains law and order and prevents and detects crime. It is not the main body for roadworthiness inspection.
- C. Vehicle Inspection Office: This is the agency whose specific job is to test and certify vehicles as roadworthy.
- D. Nigeria Customs Service: It collects import and export duties and checks smuggling at the borders. It does not inspect vehicles for roadworthiness.
Step 4: Answer The correct answer is **C.
Tip: Match the agency's name to its function. "Vehicle Inspection" literally means checking vehicles. Customs deals with imports and exports, the Police deal with crime, and the NSCDC deals with civil defence.
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- 10.
Cult activities are usually characterized by
- A.terrorist activities
- B.despotic tendencies
- C.violent disposition
- D.martial bravery
Show answer
Answer: C. violent disposition
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what cult activities are usually characterized by, meaning the typical trait seen in cultism, especially secret cults in Nigerian schools and campuses.
Step 2: Explain the concept A cult (secret cult) is a secret society with initiation rites, oaths of secrecy, and loyalty to the group. In Nigerian secondary schools and tertiary institutions, cult groups are known for:
- Violence, such as clashes between rival groups, assaults, and killings
- Intimidation and harassment of students and lecturers
- Extortion, rape, and destruction of property
- Secrecy and forced recruitment
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Terrorist activities: Terrorism is organized violence for political or ideological aims. Cults are not generally defined this way, so this is too strong and not specific.
- B. Despotic tendencies: Despotism means tyrannical rule by one person or government. It describes a ruler, not a typical feature of cult activity.
- C. Violent disposition: Cult members are habitually aggressive and prone to fighting, which is the most common and defining feature.
- D. Martial bravery: This suggests honorable courage in war. Cultism is not associated with honorable bravery.
Step 4: Answer The best answer is C. violent disposition.
Tip: In Civic Education, when a question asks about the characteristics of cultism, think "secrecy + violence." Pick the option that reflects aggression and harm, and avoid options with positive or political-sounding words such as "bravery" or "despotic."
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- 11.
Based on the cartoon, it is evident that fuel scarcity is associated with the following except
- A.corruption in public corporation driven oil sector
- B.the inability of fuel marketers to supply fuel
- C.corruption in private corporation driven oil sector
- D.adequate importation of petrol by licensed marketers
Show answer
Answer: C. corruption in private corporation driven oil sector
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- 12.
An interventionist programme between two warring groups can best be made successful through
- A.conciliation
- B.cooperation
- C.mediation
- D.counseling
Show answer
Answer: C. mediation
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks about an interventionist programme between two warring groups. The key word is "interventionist," which means a third party steps in to help settle a dispute between the groups.
Step 2: Explain the concepts
- Conciliation: A third party tries to bring the disputing sides to agreement, often by lowering tensions and encouraging communication. It is usually informal and less structured.
- Cooperation: The parties working together toward a common goal. It is not an intervention by an outsider.
- Mediation: A neutral third party actively intervenes, facilitates negotiations, and helps the warring sides reach a settlement. The mediator may suggest solutions, but the parties decide whether to accept them.
- Counseling: Guidance given to individuals or small groups to help with personal or emotional problems. It is not typically used for resolving conflict between warring groups.
Step 3: Apply to the question For an intervention between two warring groups, a neutral outsider must step in, manage the talks, and help them reach an agreement. That is exactly what mediation does. Cooperation is what you hope to achieve afterwards, not the method of intervention, and counseling is too personal in scope.
Conciliation is close, and some textbooks might argue for it. However, the term "interventionist" points most directly to mediation, where a third party actively intervenes.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. mediation.
Exam tip: Link the keywords to the answer: "intervene / third party / warring groups" → mediation. Remember the chain: Negotiation (the parties talk directly) → Mediation (a neutral person helps) → Arbitration (a neutral person decides) → Adjudication (a court decides).
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- 13.
The feeling of indifference people have towards participating in issues related to governance is termed
- A.political discontentment
- B.apathy
- C.bad leadership
- D.selfishness
Show answer
Answer: B. apathy
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the term describing a feeling of indifference toward taking part in governance-related issues, such as voting, attending community meetings, or following government policies.
Step 2: Explain the concept Political apathy is a lack of interest, concern, or enthusiasm about political activities and governance. An apathetic citizen doesn't care enough to vote, join a political discussion, or take part in civic duties. In Nigeria it shows up as low voter turnout, where many registered voters stay at home on election day because they feel their vote won't change anything.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Political discontentment: This is dissatisfaction or unhappiness with the government. It involves active feeling (anger or complaint), not indifference.
- B. Apathy: This means indifference or lack of interest, and it matches the question exactly.
- C. Bad leadership: This describes poor performance by leaders, not the attitude of citizens.
- D. Selfishness: This means putting your own interests first. It may sometimes contribute to non-participation, but it is not the term for indifference toward governance.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is B. apathy.
Tip: Link the keyword "indifference" with apathy. In Civic Education, whenever you see "lack of interest," "unconcerned," or "indifferent" in connection with voting or politics, think political apathy. Related ideas include low voter turnout, voter registration neglect, and the remedy of civic education and mobilization.
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- 14.
Which of the following is a known cult group in Nigeria?
- A.Rangers
- B.Pyrates
- C.Flamingoes
- D.Illuminatis
Show answer
Answer: B. Pyrates
AI explanation
Analyze the question: You are asked to pick the option that is a known secret cult group in Nigeria, especially the type found in schools and communities.
Explain the concept: Cultism in Nigeria refers to secret societies, often on campuses, that use oaths, secrecy and sometimes violence. Well-known ones include:
- Supreme Eiye Confraternity (Air Lords)
- Black Axe (Neo-Black Movement)
- Buccaneers (Neo-Black Movement of Africa offshoot)
- Vikings (Klansmen Konfraternity)
- Maphite
- Pyrates (National Association of Seadogs / Pyrates Confraternity), founded by Wole Soyinka and others at the University of Ibadan in 1952.
Step-by-step elimination:
- A. Rangers: This is a football club (e.g., Enugu Rangers), not a cult.
- B. Pyrates: The Pyrates Confraternity is the best-known cult-type group in Nigeria. It began as a campus confraternity, and is often listed among cult groups in Civic Education.
- C. Flamingoes: This is a bird (and the name of a football team), not a cult.
- D. Illuminatis: The Illuminati is a historical secret society from Bavaria, Germany, and is not a known Nigerian cult group.
Answer: B. Pyrates
Tip: For cult questions, memorize the main names: Pyrates, Buccaneers, Black Axe, Eiye, Vikings, Maphite. Whenever one appears among options like football clubs, birds or foreign groups, it is usually the answer. Also remember that Nigerian law and school rules prohibit cultism, so be aware of its dangers.
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- 15.
Assuming the offence committed by Amuka in the above story happened in a democratic society, the poultry farm workers would be
- A.honoured for executing instant justice
- B.punished for taking laws into their own hands
- C.converted to security personnel
- D.promoted for safeguarding the poultry farm
Show answer
Answer: A. honoured for executing instant justice
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- 16.
Which of the following conditions gives rise to the denial of right to life?
- A.Homicide
- B.Forgery
- C.Protest
- D.Burglary
Show answer
Answer: A. Homicide
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which condition leads to the denial of the right to life. The right to life is a fundamental human right (Section 33 of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution). It means no one may be deprived of their life intentionally, except in cases allowed by law (for example, a court sentence after conviction for a criminal offence, or self-defence).
Step 2: Explain the concept Denying someone the right to life means taking away or endangering their life unlawfully. Killing a person is the most direct way to do this.
Step 3: Examine each option
- A. Homicide: This is the killing of one human being by another. It directly ends a person's life, so it denies the right to life. ✔
- B. Forgery: This is making or imitating documents, signatures, or money in order to deceive. It is a crime against property or fraud, not against life.
- C. Protest: This is a peaceful expression of opinion, which is part of the right to freedom of expression and assembly. It does not deny anyone's life.
- D. Burglary: This is breaking into a building to steal. It violates property rights and privacy, not life directly.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is A. Homicide. It is the only option that involves the unlawful taking of life.
Tip: Match the right to the violation. Life corresponds to killing (homicide, murder, manslaughter). Property corresponds to theft, burglary and forgery. Expression and assembly correspond to protest. In Civic Education, always ask, "Which right is being violated?"
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- 17.
Which of the following makes the votes of the poor and the rich equal?
- A.Compulsory voting
- B.Right to vote
- C.Popular participation
- D.Free and fair election
Show answer
Answer: B. Right to vote
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- 18.
A major challenge for civil societies in executing their mandate is
- A.poor funding of their programmes
- B.questionable reputation of their members
- C.composition of their leadership
- D.their desire for political power
Show answer
Answer: A. poor funding of their programmes
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for a major challenge that stops civil society organisations (CSOs) from carrying out their mandate. CSOs include NGOs, trade unions, professional bodies, and community groups such as the Nigerian Bar Association and the NLC.
Step 2: Explain the concept Civil societies are non-governmental, non-profit groups. They promote good governance, protect human rights, educate citizens, and hold government accountable. Because they are not profit-making and do not belong to government, they depend mainly on:
- membership dues
- donations and grants
- support from donor agencies
This means that funding is the main resource that determines how much they can achieve.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Poor funding of their programmes: This is correct. Without enough money, CSOs cannot run campaigns, pay staff, organise training, or carry out monitoring and advocacy. It is the most widely recognised challenge for CSOs in Nigeria and across West Africa.
- B. Questionable reputation of their members: This is not a general feature of CSOs, and members are usually drawn from respected groups.
- C. Composition of their leadership: This is not a standard challenge. Leadership varies from one group to another.
- D. Their desire for political power: This is wrong. Civil societies do not seek to govern. Groups that seek political power are political parties.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is A. poor funding of their programmes.
Exam tip: In Civic Education, when a question asks about the challenges facing NGOs, CSOs, or community groups, think of funding first. Others include government interference, a lack of public awareness, and internal leadership disputes. Always remember that civil societies do not seek political power, which is what separates them from political parties.
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- 19.
The blindfold on the symbol of the woman in the image indicates that laws must be applied
- A.with great caution
- B.in favour of women
- C.with a neutral mindset
- D.by an anonymous judge
Show answer
Answer: C. with a neutral mindset
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- 20.
The four most prominent nationalist leaders of Nigeria at independence were
- A.J. S. Tarka, S. L. Akintola, Aminu Kano and Ernest Ikoli
- B.Nnamdi Azikiwe, K. O Mbadiwe, Arthur Richards and Aminu Kano
- C.Tafawa Balewa, Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikiwe and Ahmadu Bello
- D.Adesoji Aderemi, Shehu Shagari, Obafemi Awolowo and Nnamdi Azikiwe
Show answer
Answer: C. Tafawa Balewa, Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikiwe and Ahmadu Bello
AI explanation
Analyze the question: It asks for the four most prominent nationalist leaders of Nigeria at the time of independence in 1960.
Concept: At independence, Nigeria's politics was dominated by the three major regions and their leading parties:
- Northern Region: Northern People's Congress (NPC), led by Sir Ahmadu Bello (Sardauna of Sokoto), with Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa as his deputy and the federal Prime Minister.
- Western Region: Action Group (AG), led by Chief Obafemi Awolowo.
- Eastern Region: National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC), led by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, who became Governor-General and later the first President.
Step-by-step elimination:
- A: J. S. Tarka (Middle Belt, UMBC), S. L. Akintola (Western politician, later Premier), Aminu Kano (NEPU), and Ernest Ikoli (earlier nationalist, journalist). These were important, but not the top four at independence.
- B: Arthur Richards was a British colonial governor (the Richards Constitution of 1946), so he was not a nationalist. This option is wrong.
- C: Tafawa Balewa, Obafemi Awolowo, Nnamdi Azikiwe and Ahmadu Bello. These were the main leaders of the dominant parties and the central figures in the independence era. This fits.
- D: Adesoji Aderemi was the Ooni of Ife, a traditional ruler, and Shehu Shagari was a younger politician at the time. This option is wrong.
Tip: Remember the pattern "3 regions, 3 parties, 3 leaders, plus the Prime Minister":
- Bello (North, NPC)
- Awolowo (West, AG)
- Azikiwe (East, NCNC)
- Balewa (Prime Minister)
Also watch for colonial officials like Arthur Richards, Lugard, Clifford or Macpherson in the options. They are never nationalists.
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- 21.
Responsible parenting is the ability of parents to
- A.provide qualitative education for their children
- B.establish a profitable business for the family
- C.meet the basic and social needs of their children
- D.ensure that rights of their children are safeguarded
Show answer
Answer: C. meet the basic and social needs of their children
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the definition of responsible parenting. It is a general definition, so we need the option that covers the whole range of a parent's duties, not just one part.
Step 2: Understand the concept Responsible parenting means parents carry out their duties toward their children. These duties include:
- Basic needs: food, shelter, clothing, healthcare
- Social needs: love, guidance, moral training, discipline, education, and a good upbringing
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Provide qualitative education: This is one part of a parent's duty, but it is too narrow to define responsible parenting as a whole.
- B. Establish a profitable business: This has nothing to do with parenting duties. It is a distractor.
- C. Meet the basic and social needs of their children: This is broad and complete. It covers physical needs (food, shelter, health) and social needs (education, love, moral guidance, socialization).
- D. Ensure that rights of their children are safeguarded: This is related, since protecting children's rights is part of parenting. But it is more about protection and legal rights than the general meaning of the term.
Step 4: Conclusion Option C gives the most complete and widely accepted definition.
Exam tip: For "define the term" questions, choose the option that is broadest and covers the whole idea, not one that describes only a single duty. Here, "basic and social needs" includes education and the other duties as well.
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- 22.
A healthy inter-communal relationship is not associated with
- A.political development
- B.economic progress
- C.state of violence
- D.societal security
Show answer
Answer: C. state of violence
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which option a healthy inter-communal relationship is not associated with. This is a "negative" question, so we are looking for the odd one out, the item that is a bad outcome rather than a good one.
Step 2: Explain the concept Inter-communal relationship means how different communities (towns, villages, ethnic or cultural groups) relate to one another. When these relationships are healthy, they are marked by peace, trust, cooperation, tolerance, and mutual respect. This leads to:
- Peaceful coexistence
- Trade and shared economic activity
- Stable political systems
- Safety and security for citizens
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Political development: Peaceful communities cooperate, which supports stable governance and political growth. This is associated with healthy relations.
- B. Economic progress: Peace allows trade, investment, and free movement of people and goods. This is associated.
- C. State of violence: Violence, such as communal clashes, riots, and conflicts over land or chieftaincy, is a sign of unhealthy relationships. This is not associated.
- D. Societal security: Mutual trust and cooperation lead to safer communities. This is associated.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. state of violence. It is the only option that describes a negative condition, and it is the opposite of what healthy inter-communal relations produce.
Exam tip: In "NOT" or "EXCEPT" questions, first mark which options are positive and which are negative. If three options sound like good outcomes and one sounds harmful (violence, conflict, poverty, instability), the harmful one is usually the answer. Always re-read the question to check whether it asks for what is or what is not associated.
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- 23.
Which of the following cannot be termed drug abuse?
- A.Using prescribed drugs the wrong way
- B.Drinking alcohol in excess
- C.Frequent intake of soft drinks
- D.The use of self-medication
Show answer
Answer: C. Frequent intake of soft drinks
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which option is not drug abuse. So we are looking for the one that does not involve misuse of a drug or a harmful substance.
Step 2: Concept Drug abuse is the use of drugs, or substances that act like drugs, in a way that is not medically approved, or in excess, so that it harms the body or mind. It includes:
- Taking drugs without a doctor's prescription (self-medication)
- Taking more or less than the prescribed dose
- Using drugs for non-medical purposes
- Excessive consumption of substances like alcohol, tobacco, and Indian hemp
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Using prescribed drugs the wrong way is drug abuse, because the drug is misused (wrong dose, frequency, or purpose).
- B. Drinking alcohol in excess is drug abuse, because alcohol is a drug and excessive intake is harmful.
- C. Frequent intake of soft drinks is not drug abuse. Soft drinks are not drugs. Taking too many may be unhealthy because of sugar, but it is a dietary habit, not drug abuse.
- D. The use of self-medication is drug abuse, because taking drugs without proper medical guidance can lead to wrong dosage, wrong diagnosis, and side effects.
Step 4: Answer The option that cannot be termed drug abuse is C. Frequent intake of soft drinks.
Exam tip: In "which cannot be termed" questions, find the option that has no drug involved or no misuse. Here, three options involve drugs (prescribed drugs, alcohol, self-medication), while only one involves an ordinary beverage.
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- 24.
Law and order can best be maintained in Nigeria through the
- A.making of decree by the various security agencies
- B.constitutional law enforcement and citizens' common welfare
- C.prohibition of public protest, terrorism and militancy
- D.use of modern security gadgets and directorate of state security service
Show answer
Answer: B. constitutional law enforcement and citizens' common welfare
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- 25.
The body in charge of controlling trafficking of drugs in Nigeria is the
- A.Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC)
- B.National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC)
- C.National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA)
- D.Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR)
Show answer
Answer: C. National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA)
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which body controls trafficking of drugs, meaning the illegal trade, movement, and sale of narcotics such as cocaine, heroin, and cannabis. The key word is "trafficking," which is a law enforcement matter.
Step 2: Explain the concepts (what each agency does)
- FRSC: Handles road safety, traffic regulation, and reducing road accidents. It has nothing to do with drugs.
- NAFDAC: Regulates and controls the manufacture, importation, exportation, advertisement, sale, and use of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, and packaged water. It deals with quality and safety of products, not with arresting drug traffickers.
- NDLEA: Established in 1989 (Decree No. 48), it is responsible for enforcing laws against the cultivation, trafficking, and abuse of illicit drugs. It arrests and prosecutes drug traffickers and runs counselling and rehabilitation programmes for drug users.
- NIMR: Carries out medical research, for example on malaria and HIV. It is not an enforcement body.
Step 3: Match the function to the agency "Controlling trafficking of drugs" means enforcing the law against illegal drug movement, which is the core mandate of the NDLEA.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA).
Tip: Look at the agency's name. NDLEA has "Drug Law Enforcement" in it, so it deals with drug crimes. NAFDAC is about quality control of food and drugs (think of the NAFDAC number on packaged products). Remember: NDLEA = Arrests, NAFDAC = Approves.
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- 26.
Smooth transition of government in a democratic state is ensured when there is
- A.I and III
- B.III and VI
- C.III and IV
- D.V and VI
Show answer
Answer: C. III and IV
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- 27.
The National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) was established in the year
- A.2001
- B.2002
- C.2003
- D.2004
Show answer
Answer: C. 2003
AI explanation
Analyze the question: The question asks for the year NAPTIP was established. This is a factual recall question on Nigerian civic institutions.
Explain the concept: Human trafficking is a serious crime and a violation of human rights. Nigeria tackled it by passing a law and setting up an agency to enforce it.
Step-by-step solution:
- The Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Law Enforcement and Administration Act was passed in 2003. It was signed into law by President Olusegun Obasanjo in July 2003.
- This Act created NAPTIP as the agency responsible for enforcing it.
- The Act was later amended and repealed in 2015, but NAPTIP's establishment date remains 2003.
The NAPTIP's main functions include:
- Investigating and prosecuting traffickers
- Counselling, rehabilitating and protecting victims
- Educating the public about the dangers of trafficking
Checking the options:
- A (2001) and B (2002): too early, because the law had not yet been passed.
- C (2003): correct, the year of the enabling Act.
- D (2004): too late, because the agency was already in operation.
Answer: C. 2003
Exam tip: Link NAPTIP with "2003" by remembering that the law and the agency came together in the same year. Also remember the agency's headquarters is in Abuja, and the 2015 amendment strengthened its powers.
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- 28.
The protection of citizens' rights can be best guaranteed when there is
- A.II and V
- B.III and VI
- C.I and II
- D.IV and V
Show answer
Answer: D. IV and V
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- 29.
under the 1999 Nigerian constitution, the Judiciary exercises the greatest over the
- A.A. States legislatures and National Assembly
- B.A. Executive and Legislature
- C.B. House of Representatives and Senate
- D.C. Local Government Councils and The State Houses of Assembly
Show answer
Answer: A. A. States legislatures and National Assembly
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- 30.
Constructive criticism of government policies and actions in a democratic state is best promoted by
- A.I and V
- B.IV and VI
- C.III and IV
- D.V and VI
Show answer
Answer: D. V and VI
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- 31.
A primary ambition of individuals involved in human trafficking that cannot be achieved is
- A.unwanted pregnancy
- B.physical and sexual abuse
- C.financial freedom
- D.depression and suicidal thought
Show answer
Answer: C. financial freedom
AI explanation
Analyze the question: The question asks about the primary ambition of people involved in human trafficking, and which of these ambitions cannot be achieved. In other words, we're looking for the goal that a trafficked person (or someone drawn into trafficking) hopes for but never gets.
Explain the concept: Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons through force, fraud, or deception, usually for exploitation such as forced labour, prostitution, or servitude. Traffickers usually lure victims with false promises of good jobs, education, or a better life abroad. Victims are drawn in by the hope of financial freedom. What they actually experience is exploitation and debt bondage, so that hope is rarely fulfilled.
Step-by-step evaluation of the options:
- A. Unwanted pregnancy: This is a consequence of sexual exploitation, not an ambition. No one aims for it.
- B. Physical and sexual abuse: This is also a consequence (a harm victims suffer), not a goal.
- C. Financial freedom: This is an ambition. People enter these situations hoping to escape poverty and earn money. In trafficking, victims' earnings are taken by traffickers, and they are trapped in debt, so financial freedom is not achieved.
- D. Depression and suicidal thought: This is a psychological effect of trafficking, not an ambition.
Only option C is a real ambition, and it is the one that trafficking prevents people from achieving.
Answer: C. financial freedom
Exam tip: When a question asks about an "ambition," "goal," or "aim," eliminate options that describe effects or consequences (abuse, pregnancy, depression). Whatever remains positive and desirable is usually the answer. Keep going, you're doing well!
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- 32.
Which of these cannot be responsible for the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (H1V/AIDS)?
- A.Unprotected sexual intercourse
- B.Dining and drinking with people living with HIV/AIDS
- C.Using unscreened blood transfusion
- D.Sharing of unsterilized piercing instruments
Show answer
Answer: B. Dining and drinking with people living with HIV/AIDS
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- 33.
Which of the following is a negative way of engaging in popular participation in a state?
- A.Engaging in rallies and demonstrations
- B.Joining political party of your choice
- C.Taking part in general elections
- D.Snatching of ballot box during elections
Show answer
Answer: D. Snatching of ballot box during elections
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the negative way of taking part in popular participation. Popular participation means citizens' involvement in the political and decision-making processes of their country. Some forms are lawful and constructive (positive), while others are illegal or harmful (negative).
Step 2: Explain the concept
- Positive participation includes voting, joining political parties, attending rallies peacefully, paying taxes, contesting for office, and obeying laws.
- Negative participation includes electoral malpractice, thuggery, violence, rigging, vote buying, and destruction of public property. These undermine democracy and the rule of law.
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Engaging in rallies and demonstrations: These are lawful and peaceful ways of expressing opinions, and they are protected by the constitution (freedom of assembly). This is positive.
- B. Joining a political party of your choice: This is a constitutional right and a way of taking part in governance. This is positive.
- C. Taking part in general elections: Voting is the most basic civic duty. This is positive.
- D. Snatching of ballot box during elections: This is an electoral offence. It disrupts the democratic process and denies citizens their right to choose their leaders. This is negative.
Step 4: Answer
Tip: In "negative/positive" Civic Education questions, look for words like snatching, rigging, thuggery, violence, bribery. These almost always signal the negative option.
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- 34.
Against the background of a democratic society, the farm workers in the story above are expected to
- A.hand Amuka over to the police
- B.deny Amuka his right to fair hearing
- C.judge Amuka after giving him a fair hearing
- D.discharge him of the offence committed
Show answer
Answer: A. hand Amuka over to the police
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- 35.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the
- A.United Nations General Assembly
- B.United Nations Security Council
- C.United Nations San-Francisco Conference
- D.United Nations Trusteeship Council
Show answer
Answer: A. United Nations General Assembly
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which body adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
Step 2: Explain the concept The UDHR is a landmark document that sets out the basic rights and freedoms every human being is entitled to. It was drafted by a committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, and it was proclaimed on 10 December 1948 in Paris, France. This is why 10 December is celebrated every year as Human Rights Day.
Step 3: Examine the options
- A. United Nations General Assembly: This is the main deliberative body of the UN, where all member states are represented. It adopted the UDHR through Resolution 217 A (III). ✔
- B. United Nations Security Council: This body handles international peace and security. It does not adopt declarations on human rights.
- C. United Nations San Francisco Conference: This 1945 conference drafted and adopted the UN Charter, which created the UN. It took place three years before the UDHR.
- D. United Nations Trusteeship Council: This body supervised trust territories, which are territories not yet self-governing. It has nothing to do with the UDHR.
Step 4: Answer The UDHR was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.
Exam tip: Remember "General Assembly = General rights for all." Also, the San Francisco Conference (1945) is linked to the UN Charter, and the UDHR (1948) is linked to the General Assembly. Pairing the document with the right year helps you avoid this common trap.
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- 36.
The statement "government has started the war on corruption" is an indication that
- A.taxi drivers are not happy with the new fuel price
- B.the patronage of taxi has reduced
- C.government is now tackling a major civic problem
- D.Corruption has been eradicated in the oil sector
Show answer
Answer: B. the patronage of taxi has reduced
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- 37.
Which of these is a disadvantage to the application of the rule of law in a democratic society?
- A.Existence of free and fair election
- B.Granting of immunity to public office holders
- C.Ensuring equal protection of citizens' rights
- D.Promoting popular participation in politic
Show answer
Answer: B. Granting of immunity to public office holders
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for something that works against (a disadvantage or obstacle to) the rule of law in a democracy.
Step 2: The concept The rule of law means that everyone, including the government and its officials, is subject to the law and no one is above it. It is built on:
- Equality before the law
- Protection of citizens' rights
- Fair and accountable government
- Citizens' participation in politics
Step 3: Evaluate each option
- A. Free and fair election: This supports democracy and the rule of law, because leaders get power legitimately. It is not a disadvantage.
- B. Granting of immunity to public office holders: Immunity (such as Section 308 of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution, which protects the President, Vice-President, Governors and Deputy Governors from civil or criminal proceedings while in office) places certain people beyond the reach of the courts. This contradicts the principle that no one is above the law, so it limits the rule of law.
- C. Equal protection of citizens' rights: This is a core feature of the rule of law, so it is an advantage.
- D. Popular participation in politics: This strengthens democracy and accountability, so it is an advantage.
Step 4: Answer The only option that weakens the principle of equality before the law is B, granting of immunity to public office holders.
Tip: In "disadvantage/limitation to the rule of law" questions, look for the option that puts someone above the law or gives special privileges, such as immunity, diplomatic privilege, or the doctrine of state necessity. The other options usually describe features of a healthy democracy.
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- 38.
The activities of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) can help in promoting the following except
- A.development
- B.democracy
- C.justice
- D.dictatorship
Show answer
Answer: D. dictatorship
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question uses "except," so we need the one option that the EFCC's work does not promote. Three options will be good outcomes of the EFCC's work, and one will be the odd one out.
Step 2: Explain the concept The EFCC is a Nigerian law enforcement agency set up in 2003. It investigates and prosecutes financial crimes such as corruption, money laundering, advance fee fraud (419), and embezzlement of public funds. Its work supports good governance and the rule of law.
Step 3: Test each option
- A. Development: When stolen public funds are recovered and corruption is reduced, more money goes into roads, schools, hospitals, and other projects. The EFCC promotes this.
- B. Democracy: Fighting electoral and financial corruption, such as vote-buying and looting of the treasury, strengthens accountability and transparency, which democracy depends on. The EFCC promotes this.
- C. Justice: The EFCC arrests and prosecutes offenders, so that wrongdoers face the law regardless of status. The EFCC promotes this.
- D. Dictatorship: This is rule by one person or a small group with unchecked power and no accountability. The EFCC's work of promoting accountability and the rule of law works against it. This is the one it does not promote.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is **D.
Tip: In "except" questions, first spot the negative or opposing idea among the options. Here, development, democracy, and justice are all positive values, while dictatorship is the opposite of good governance. Anti-corruption agencies like the EFCC and ICPC support accountability, transparency, and the rule of law.
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- 39.
The role of a responsible mother is to
- A.ensure good neighbourliness
- B.report the husband when necessary
- C.help the motherless children and orphans
- D.support the father in meeting family needs
Show answer
Answer: D. support the father in meeting family needs
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks about the role of a responsible mother, which is a family-level responsibility in Civic Education under "Family responsibilities" or "Duties of family members."
Step 2: Explain the concept In a family, parents share responsibilities. A responsible mother:
- Cares for and nurtures the children
- Teaches good morals and values
- Supports the father in providing for the family's needs (food, shelter, school fees, health care)
- Helps maintain peace and unity at home
The key idea is partnership in the home: both parents work together for the welfare of the family.
Step 3: Evaluate the options
- A. Ensure good neighbourliness: This is a duty of every citizen, not a role specific to a mother.
- B. Report the husband when necessary: This is not a recognised role of a responsible mother. It would undermine family harmony rather than build it.
- C. Help the motherless children and orphans: This is a charitable act and a good community value, but it is not a mother's primary responsibility.
- D. Support the father in meeting family needs: This directly describes a mother's role in the family, because she works with her husband to provide for the household and children.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is D.
Step 5: Exam tip When a Civic Education question asks about the role of a family member (father, mother, child), choose the option that deals with the home and family welfare. Options about neighbours, the wider community, or reporting someone are usually distractors.
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- 40.
A community which does not associate with neighbouring communities would likely experience
- A.limited access to modern facilities
- B.corruption among elected officials
- C.retarded economic development
- D.disregard for constitutional rights
Show answer
Answer: C. retarded economic development
AI explanation
Analyze the question: The question asks about the likely result when a community isolates itself and does not associate with neighbouring communities.
Concept: Communities depend on one another through trade, sharing of resources, movement of labour, markets, and shared projects such as roads and markets. This is called interdependence. When a community cuts itself off, it loses these benefits, and the effects are mainly economic and social.
Step-by-step evaluation of the options:
- A. Limited access to modern facilities: This is plausible, but it depends on whether the government or developers provide facilities. It is a possible effect, but not the most direct or general one.
- B. Corruption among elected officials: Corruption comes from weak accountability and poor leadership. It has no direct link to a community's association with its neighbours.
- C. Retarded economic development: Without trade, a shared market, the exchange of goods, skills and ideas, and cooperation on joint projects, a community's economy stagnates. This is the most direct and wide-ranging consequence of isolation.
- D. Disregard for constitutional rights: Constitutional rights are protected by law and institutions, not by a community's relations with its neighbours.
Answer: The best choice is C. retarded economic development. Isolation cuts off trade, markets, labour, and the exchange of ideas, so economic growth is slowed.
Exam tip: In Civic Education questions about cooperation or isolation, think "interdependence." Isolation usually leads to underdevelopment, while cooperation leads to progress, peace, and shared growth. Choose the option that reflects this most directly.
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- 41.
Studying hard in school is one of the preventive measures against
- A.unionism
- B.cultism
- C.bigotry
- D.racism
Show answer
Answer: B. cultism
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which social problem is prevented when students study hard in school. These problems are linked to school life and youth behavior.
Step 2: Explain the concepts
- Unionism: Joining a union or association to protect workers' or members' interests. It is not a social vice.
- Cultism: Membership in secret groups, often found in secondary schools and tertiary institutions. Members often engage in violence, intimidation, and examination malpractice.
- Bigotry: Intolerant, prejudiced attitudes toward people of other beliefs or opinions.
- Racism: Discrimination based on race.
Step 3: Work through it Cultism thrives when students are idle, unfocused, or looking for shortcuts to success and recognition. A student who is busy studying, attending classes, and working toward academic goals has little time or motivation to join cult groups. Hard work also builds self-confidence and a sense of purpose, so students feel less pressure from peers to join secret societies.
Bigotry and racism come from attitudes and prejudice, which are addressed by tolerance and moral education rather than by studying hard alone. Unionism is not a vice that needs preventing.
Step 4: Answer The correct option is B. cultism.
Tip: In Civic Education, when a question mentions school, students, and prevention, think of cultism, examination malpractice, and drug abuse. Common preventive measures include studying hard, good parental guidance, staying busy with positive activities, and avoiding bad company.
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- 42.
Responsible parenthood can complement the activities of government in several ways except by raising
- A.responsible citizens
- B.citizens who oppose the government
- C.responsible future leaders
- D.entrepreneurs in the society
Show answer
Answer: B. citizens who oppose the government
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- 43.
Shola in the dialogue above will likely end up being
This question refers to an extract from the original paper, which isn't shown here.
- A.patriotic
- B.hard working
- C.contented
- D.self-reliant
Show answer
Answer: D. self-reliant
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- 44.
The 1999 Constitution could be described as rigid mainly because
- A.its amendment requires two-third majority votes of the National Assembly
- B.its implementation requires the regular services of experienced constitutional lawyers
- C.adherence to its provision is very difficult
- D.it requires the presidential proclamation and judicial decision
Show answer
Answer: A. its amendment requires two-third majority votes of the National Assembly
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- 45.
Teaching children to be satisfied with what they have is a way of encouraging
- A.self-reliance
- B.orderliness
- C.contentment
- D.selflessness
Show answer
Answer: C. contentment
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- 46.
The step taken by the Councillor in the dialogue above is best described as
This question refers to an extract from the original paper, which isn't shown here.
- A.empowerment
- B.selflessness
- C.development
- D.patriotism
Show answer
Answer: C. development
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- 47.
Nationalism in Nigeria eventually led to
- A.national renaissance
- B.creation of states
- C.decolonization
- D.the end of military rule
Show answer
Answer: C. decolonization
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- 48.
Which of the following is a major limitation to the operational effectiveness of the pubic service?
- A.Change of government
- B.Corruption
- C.Nepotism
- D.Bureaucratic red-tapism
Show answer
Answer: D. Bureaucratic red-tapism
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- 49.
The human right that is applicable to human beings without reference to their nationality is the right to
- A.life and dignity of human persons
- B.vote
- C.acquire assets and landed property
- D.work
Show answer
Answer: A. life and dignity of human persons
AI explanation
Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which right applies to every human being regardless of nationality. This is the idea of a universal or fundamental human right, one a person has simply because they are human, not because they are a citizen of a particular country.
Step 2: Explain the concept Rights fall into two broad groups:
- Universal human rights: these belong to everyone, citizen or foreigner. Examples are the right to life, dignity of the human person, fair hearing, and freedom from torture and slavery.
- Citizenship (civil and political) rights: these are tied to being a citizen, or to meeting legal requirements. Examples are the right to vote and be voted for, and, in many countries, the right to own landed property or take up certain jobs.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Chapter IV of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution both place the right to life and the dignity of the human person at the top. A foreigner in Nigeria cannot be killed or tortured without legal justification, just as a Nigerian cannot.
Step 3: Check each option
- A. Life and dignity of human persons: applies to everyone, whatever their nationality. ✔
- B. Vote: only citizens who are of age and registered can vote. ✘
- C. Acquire assets and landed property: foreigners often face restrictions on owning land, and it depends on national law. ✘
- D. Work: foreigners need work permits and can be restricted from some jobs. ✘
Step 4: Answer The correct option is A. life and dignity of human persons.
💡 Exam tip: When a question says "regardless of nationality," "applicable to all," or "universal," think of the basic rights to life and dignity. Political rights, such as voting, belong to citizens only.
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- 50.
One major factor that hinders women from participating actively in politics is
- A.their educational background
- B.lack of fund and financial power
- C.societal discrimination and belief system
- D.their religious background
Show answer
Answer: C. societal discrimination and belief system
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