The first Pan-African Congress in Africa took place in

Analyze the question: It asks where the first Pan-African Congress took place in Africa. This wording matters, because the early Pan-African Congresses were held mostly in Europe and America.

Concept: The Pan-African Congresses were organized largely by W.E.B. Du Bois and others to push for the rights and self-determination of African peoples.

• 1900: Pan-African Conference, London (organized by Henry Sylvester Williams)
• 1919: First Pan-African Congress, Paris
• 1921: London, Brussels, and Paris
• 1923: London and Lisbon
• 1927: New York
• 1945: Fifth Congress, Manchester (Kwame Nkrumah and George Padmore were involved)
• 1953 onward: Congresses began to be held in Africa. The Sixth Pan-African Congress was held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in 1974.

Working it out: None of the options host the 1919 Congress, which was in Paris. The question must therefore be asking about the first Congress or major Pan-African gathering held on African soil.

• The Conference of Independent African States was held in Accra, Ghana, in April 1958, hosted by Kwame Nkrumah. It was the first major Pan-African gathering held in Africa. The All-African Peoples' Conference followed in Accra in December 1958.
• Liberia hosted the 1959 Sanniquellie meeting and the 1961 Monrovia group meeting, which came later.
• Ethiopia hosted the OAU's founding in Addis Ababa in 1963, which also came later.
• Nigeria has no claim to the first one.

Strictly speaking, the 1958 Accra event was a conference and not numbered as one of the historic "Congresses". The question's wording is loose, but Ghana is the intended answer.

Answer: D. Ghana

Exam tip: If a question says "first Pan-African event in Africa", think Accra, 1958, under Kwame Nkrumah. Remember: Ghana was the first sub-Saharan colony to gain independence (1957), and it became the center of Pan-Africanism.