Centralization of power is another form of

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which system of government is essentially the same as "centralization of power," meaning power is concentrated in one central authority.

Step 2: Explain the concept Governments can distribute power in different ways:

• Unitary system: All major powers are held by the central government. Regional or local governments exist only because the central government creates them, and it can change or abolish them. Examples: Britain, France, and Nigeria under military rule.
• Federal system: Power is constitutionally shared between the central government and component units like the states. Example: Nigeria today, the USA.
• Confederal system: Power rests mainly with the member states. The central body is weak and has only limited, delegated powers. Example: the early United States under the Articles of Confederation.
• Parliamentary and presidential systems: These describe the relationship between the executive and the legislature, not how power is divided between central and regional governments. They are not about centralization.

Step 3: Solve

• A (confederal) is the opposite of centralization, since power is decentralized to the units.
• B (federal) shares power between levels, so it is not centralized.
• C and D are about the executive-legislature relationship, so they are irrelevant here.
• E (unitary) concentrates power at the center, so it matches "centralization of power."

Step 4: Answer The correct option is E. unitary system.

Tip: Link the keywords: Unitary = Unified = Central, Federal = Fair share, Confederal = Constituent states hold power. If a question mentions centralization or a single supreme authority, think "unitary."