What is NOT a fundamental human right?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which option is NOT a fundamental human right. Fundamental human rights are the basic rights guaranteed to every citizen, such as those in Chapter IV of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Step 2: Review the concept Chapter IV of the Nigerian Constitution guarantees these rights:

• Right to life (Section 33)
• Right to dignity of the human person (Section 34)
• Right to personal liberty, which includes freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention (Section 35)
• Right to fair hearing, or a fair trial (Section 36)
• Right to freedom of movement (Section 41)

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Freedom from arbitrary arrest: This is a right. It is protected under personal liberty (Section 35).
• B. Freedom of movement: This is a right (Section 41).
• C. Presumed guilty until found innocent: This is not a right. It is the opposite of a right. Section 36(5) of the Constitution says that every person charged with a criminal offence is presumed innocent until proved guilty.
• D. Right to a fair trial: This is a right (Section 36).
• E. Right to life: This is a right (Section 33).

Step 4: Answer Option C is not a fundamental human right. It contradicts the principle of the presumption of innocence, which is a cornerstone of a fair legal system.

Exam tip: In "which is NOT a right" questions, look for the option that reverses a legal principle or takes a freedom away. Remember the phrase "Innocent until proven guilty". Any option that says the opposite is almost always the wrong one.