The knowledge and belief which individuals possess about the political system is known as ....... Orientation.

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the type of political orientation that refers to knowledge and belief about the political system.

Step 2: The concept Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, in The Civic Culture, described three types of political orientation:

• Cognitive orientation: knowledge and beliefs about the political system, its roles, office holders, inputs and outputs.
• Affective orientation: feelings (love, hate, attachment, rejection) towards the political system.
• Evaluative orientation: judgements and opinions about the political system, which combine values, information and feelings.

Parochial and participatory (along with subject) are types of political culture, not types of orientation. That rules out D and E.

Step 3: Match the question to the concept

• "Knowledge and belief" matches cognitive orientation.
• Feelings would be affective.
• Judgements or opinions would be evaluative.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is B. cognitive.

Tip: Remember C-A-E as Cognitive = Know, Affective = Feel, Evaluative = Judge. Parochial, subject and participatory are the cultures, not the orientations.