The theory of separation of powers was propounded by ________

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks who propounded (originated) the theory of separation of powers. This is a core topic in Government: the principle that the powers of government should be divided among separate organs.

Step 2: Explain the concept Separation of powers divides government authority into three arms so that no single person or group holds all the power:

• Legislature, which makes laws
• Executive, which implements laws
• Judiciary, which interprets laws and settles disputes

This prevents tyranny and abuse of power. The idea was developed by the French political philosopher Baron de Montesquieu (Charles-Louis de Secondat) in his 1748 book The Spirit of the Laws (L'Esprit des Lois). He was influenced by John Locke and by his study of the British system.

Step 3: Evaluate the options

• A. A. V. Dicey: a British jurist known for the Rule of Law and parliamentary sovereignty, not separation of powers. (The option is spelled "Decay" in the question, which is likely a typo.)
• B. Max Weber: a German sociologist known for his work on bureaucracy and types of authority.
• C. Charles Montesquieu: the originator of the modern theory of separation of powers. ✔
• D. Gabriel Almond: an American political scientist known for the structural-functional approach and work on political culture.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is **C.

Exam tip: Link each thinker to one big idea:

• Montesquieu → Separation of powers
• Dicey → Rule of law
• Weber → Bureaucracy
• Almond → Political culture and systems
• Rousseau → Social contract / general will

Remember "Monte-Squieu = Separation" to lock it in.