Which of the following functions is performed by the civil service?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which function belongs to the civil service. The civil service is the permanent, non-political administrative body of government made up of career public servants (such as permanent secretaries, directors, and clerks) who work in ministries and departments.

Step 2: Explain the concept Nigeria, like many countries, operates the separation of powers among three arms of government:

• Legislature: makes laws
• Executive: carries out laws and policies (the civil service is the executive arm's administrative machinery)
• Judiciary: interprets laws and settles disputes

The civil service's main roles are:

• Implementing government policies and programmes
• Advising ministers and government on policy
• Administering government departments and ministries
• Preparing reports, records, and budget estimates
• Ensuring continuity of administration when governments change

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Enactment of laws: This is done by the legislature (National Assembly), not the civil service. ❌
• B. Settlement of disputes: This is done by the judiciary (courts). ❌
• C. Appointment of ministers: This is done by the President (with Senate confirmation), a political function. ❌
• D. Implementation of policies: Civil servants carry out the policies decided by the government of the day. ✅

Step 4: Answer The correct answer is D. Implementation of policies.

Exam tip: Remember the trio: Legislature makes, Executive (via the civil service) implements, Judiciary interprets. If you see "implement," "execute," or "administer," think civil service.