The system that allows the opposition to participate in governance is

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which system of government allows the opposition (parties or groups that do not hold power) to take part in governance.

Step 2: Explain the concept In a democracy, power comes from the people. Several features follow from this:

• Multiple political parties are allowed.
• Free and fair elections are held regularly.
• The opposition has a legitimate role. It scrutinizes government policies, questions the executive in the legislature, serves on committees, and offers alternative policies.
• Minority views are respected, even though the majority decides.

In Nigeria, for example, opposition parties in the National Assembly take part in debates, committees, and oversight of the executive.

Step 3: Examine each option

• A. Dictatorial: Power is held by one person or a small group. Opposition is suppressed, banned, or punished, so this is wrong.
• B. Collectivism: This is an economic or social idea in which the group or state takes priority over the individual. It is not a system of government that deals with opposition, so this is wrong.
• C. Aristocratic: Rule is by a privileged noble class or elite. Ordinary people and opposition groups have little or no role, so this is wrong.
• D. Democratic: Opposition is a recognized and necessary part of governance, so this is correct.

Step 4: Answer The system that allows the opposition to participate in governance is democratic.

Exam tip: Whenever you see words like "opposition," "free elections," "rule of law," or "popular participation" in a Government question, think democracy. Words like "suppression," "one-man rule," or "no opposition" point to dictatorship.