Tariffs, quotas and embargoes are examples of

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what category tariffs, quotas and embargoes belong to. All three relate to international trade.

Step 2: Explain the concepts

• Tariff: a tax placed on imported goods, which makes them more expensive.
• Quota: a limit on the quantity of a good that may be imported (or exported) within a period.
• Embargo: a total ban on trade with a particular country or on particular goods.

All three are tools a government uses to restrict or control the flow of goods across its borders. This is commercial or trade policy, and the tools are called trade restrictions (also called trade barriers or protectionist measures).

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Trade restriction policies: Correct. Each of the three limits imports or exports.
• B. Monetary policies: These deal with money supply and interest rates (for example, the CBN's Monetary Policy Rate and cash reserve ratio). They are not related.
• C. Fiscal policies: These deal with government taxation and spending. A tariff is a tax, but it is a tax specifically on trade, and quotas and embargoes are not fiscal tools at all. Fiscal policy is therefore not the best classification.
• D. Foreign exchange policies: These deal with exchange rate management, such as devaluation and exchange controls. They are not the same as limiting goods traded.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is A. trade restriction policies.

Tip: Remember "TQE = Trade Quantity/Entry blocks". If you see tariffs, quotas, embargoes, or import licensing, think protectionism or trade restrictions. Link money supply and interest rates to monetary policy, and government taxes and spending to fiscal policy.