which of the following factors is not a reason for farmer's unstable incomes

Analyze the question: We need the option that is NOT a reason for unstable farmers' incomes. So three options cause instability and one does not.

Concept: Farmers' incomes fluctuate because of:

• Agricultural products' supply is unpredictable: it depends on weather, pests and diseases.
• Perishability and poor storage: produce spoils or must be sold cheaply at harvest, when prices are low, which causes price swings.
• Inelastic demand for farm produce: small changes in supply cause big price changes.
• External demand shocks: for export crops (cocoa, palm oil, rubber), a world recession lowers demand and prices.
• Over-dependence on a single crop (monoculture): if that crop fails or its price drops, income collapses.

Evaluate each option:

• A. Dependence on too many crops: Growing many crops is diversification, which spreads risk and stabilises income. This is not a cause of instability. (The real problem would be dependence on too few or a single crop.)
• B. Poor storage facilities: Causes spoilage and seasonal price swings, so it is a cause of instability.
• C. Adverse weather: Causes crop failure and uneven yields, so it is a cause.
• D. Recession in the world economy: Reduces demand and prices for exports, so it is a cause.

Answer: The factor that is not a reason is A.

Tip: In "NOT/EXCEPT" questions, test each option separately and ask "Does this cause the problem?" Watch for tricky wording such as "too many" versus "too few". Diversification is the usual remedy for unstable farm income, so it can never be listed as the cause.