The International bank for reconstruction and development (IBRD) performs the following functions except?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which option is NOT a function of the IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development). This is an "except" question, so we are looking for the odd one out.

Step 2: Explain the concept The IBRD is the original arm of the World Bank, set up in 1944 (Bretton Woods) to rebuild war-torn Europe and then to support development in member countries. Its main functions include:

• Granting long-term loans to member countries for development projects (roads, power, education, agriculture)
• Providing technical assistance and expert advice to governments
• Supporting human resource development through funding of education and health programmes
• Encouraging private foreign investment by guaranteeing loans

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Granting long-term loans: This is a core function of the IBRD. ✔ (a function)
• B. Assisting with technical expertise: The IBRD provides technical assistance and advisory services. ✔ (a function)
• C. Reducing tariff among members: Tariff reduction and trade liberalisation is the work of the GATT/WTO, not the IBRD. ✘ (not a function)
• D. Developing human resource: The IBRD funds education, training and health projects to build human capital. ✔ (a function)

Step 4: Answer The option that is not a function of the IBRD is C. reducing tariff among members.

Exam tip: Link each institution to its main job:

• IBRD/World Bank → long-term development loans and technical help
• IMF → short-term balance of payments support and exchange rate stability
• WTO (formerly GATT) → tariff reduction and trade rules

If an option mentions tariffs or trade rules, think WTO, not the World Bank.