A man suffering from obesity must avoid meals containing

Step 1: Analyze the question Obesity is a condition where too much body fat builds up. The question asks which meal a person with obesity should avoid.

Step 2: Explain the concept Excess energy in the diet that is not used by the body is stored as fat. Fats and oils are the most energy-dense nutrients, giving about 37–39 kJ per gram, compared with about 17 kJ per gram for carbohydrates and proteins. An obese person should therefore cut down on foods that are rich in fats and oils, and also on excess carbohydrates.

Step 3: Examine each option

• A. Margarine and butter: Both are almost pure fat (lipids). They are very high in energy and promote fat storage, so they should be avoided.
• B. Rice and beans: Rice is a carbohydrate and beans are a protein source. They are fairly high in energy, but they are a balanced staple meal. They should be eaten in moderation, not avoided entirely.
• C. Carrots and oranges: These are rich in vitamins, minerals and fibre, and are low in fat. They are good for an obese person.
• D. Beef and fish: These are protein foods. Lean meat and fish are suitable in moderation, and fish especially is low in fat.

Step 4: Answer The foods with the highest fat content, and so the ones to avoid, are margarine and butter.

Correct answer: A

Tip: In "avoid" questions on obesity, look for the option with fats and oils (butter, margarine, palm oil, groundnut oil). In questions on kwashiorkor, look for protein instead.