The French colonial rule which sought to change Africans into French people through the process of education is called

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the name of the French colonial policy that aimed to turn Africans into Frenchmen and Frenchwomen through education and the adoption of French culture.

Step 2: Explain the concepts Let's look at each option:

• Assimilation: The French policy of making colonial subjects culturally French. They were to adopt the French language, religion (Christianity), laws, customs, and education. Those who qualified became évolués, and in the Four Communes of Senegal (Dakar, Saint-Louis, Gorée, Rufisque) they could gain French citizenship.
• Association: A later policy that replaced assimilation. It accepted that Africans could keep their own cultures and institutions while cooperating with France under French supervision.
• Co-operation: Not a named French colonial policy. It is a general term.
• Indigénat: A legal code under which Africans who were not citizens were governed. It allowed summary punishment without trial and was used to enforce forced labour and taxes. It had nothing to do with education.
• Loi-Cadre (1956): The Defferre Framework Law, which gave French colonies more internal self-government and moved them toward independence.

Step 3: Match the description to the policy The key phrase is "change Africans into French people through education." That means cultural transformation, which is the core of assimilation. Association allowed Africans to keep their culture, so it does not fit. Indigénat and Loi-Cadre deal with legal control and political reform, not education.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is A. Assimilation.

Tip: Remember the pairs: French = Assimilation (become French) and British = Indirect Rule (rule through local chiefs). Also, "Assimilation" sounds like "similar", meaning making Africans similar to the French. In an exam, any question about "turning Africans into Frenchmen" points to assimilation.