Which system of government is the rule of law a feature?

Analyze the question: The question asks which system of government has the rule of law as a feature. (It is worded a bit awkwardly, but it means "In which system of government is the rule of law a feature?")

Explain the concept: The rule of law means that everyone, including those in government, is subject to the law and must obey it. No one is above the law, and the law is applied equally to all citizens. Its key elements, associated with A.V. Dicey, are:

• Supremacy of the law over arbitrary power
• Equality of all persons before the law
• Fundamental human rights protected by the courts
• An independent judiciary

Solution (checking each option):

• A. Autocratic: One person holds absolute power, and the ruler's will is above the law. Rule of law is absent.
• B. Democratic: Power comes from the people, the constitution limits government, courts are independent, and rights are protected. Rule of law is a core feature.
• C. Military: Soldiers rule by decree, often suspending the constitution. Rule of law is weak or absent.
• D. Monarchical: An absolute monarchy places the king above the law. A constitutional monarchy can respect the rule of law, but that comes from its democratic elements, so monarchy as such is not the best answer.
• E. Totalitarian: The state controls every aspect of life, with no limits on its power. Rule of law is absent.

Answer: The system in which the rule of law is a defining feature is a democratic government, which is option B.

Exam tip: Link these words together: Democracy = Rule of law, human rights, separation of powers, free elections. Link Autocracy, military rule and totalitarianism = rule by decree and the will of one person or group. If a question asks about the rule of law, think "democracy" first.