The process through which members of a constituency can call back their representative in whom they have lost confidence is called

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the term used when voters in a constituency remove (call back) a representative they no longer trust, before his or her term ends.

Step 2: Explain the concept Direct democracy has several tools that give citizens power between elections:

• Initiative: citizens propose a new law or constitutional amendment by petition, which is then put to a vote.
• Lobby: an effort by individuals or groups to influence lawmakers' decisions, usually by persuasion rather than by voting.
• Plebiscite: a vote by the people on an issue of national or political importance, such as a change in sovereignty or territorial status. Example: the 1961 plebiscite in the Southern Cameroons.
• Referendum: a vote by the electorate on a specific policy question or proposed law.
• Recall: a process by which voters remove an elected official from office before the end of their tenure, usually through a petition followed by a vote.

Step 3: Match to the question The key phrase is "call back their representative in whom they have lost confidence." This is exactly the definition of recall. In Nigeria, the 1999 Constitution (Section 69 for Senators, Section 110 for House of Representatives members, with similar provisions for State Assembly members) provides for recall. It requires a petition signed by more than half of the registered voters in the constituency, followed by a referendum that INEC conducts.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. recall.

Tip: Link the word to its meaning: recall = "call back," just like a company recalling a faulty product. Also remember:

• Initiative = Introduce a law
• Referendum/Plebiscite = Reply to an issue by voting
• Recall = Remove a representative