Which ideology emphasizes a classless society?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which ideology stresses a classless society, meaning a society with no social classes (no rich vs. poor, no owners vs. workers).

Step 2: Explain the concept Communism, based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, holds that:

• History is a story of class struggle (the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production, versus the proletariat, the workers).
• Capitalism will eventually be overthrown by a workers' revolution.
• This leads to a classless, stateless society where property is communally owned and wealth is shared according to need.

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Capitalism: Based on private ownership and profit. It creates and sustains social classes, so it is the opposite of classless.
• B. Communism: Its ultimate goal is a classless society with common ownership of the means of production. ✔
• C. Feudalism: A hierarchical system of lords, vassals and serfs. It is strongly class-based.
• D. Totalitarianism: Describes a system of total state control over public and private life. It is not about class structure.
• E. Welfarism: Refers to state provision of social services to cushion inequality. It reduces hardship but does not aim to abolish classes.

Step 4: Answer The correct answer is **B.

Exam tip: Link keywords to ideologies:

• "Classless" → Communism/Marxism
• "Private enterprise" → Capitalism
• "Lords and serfs" → Feudalism
• "Total state control" → Totalitarianism
• "Social services" → Welfarism/Socialism