Which of the folowing NOT among the objectives of OPEC?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which option is NOT an objective of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). It is an "exception" question, so we look for the statement that does not match OPEC's aims.

Step 2: Recall the concept OPEC was founded in 1960 (Baghdad) by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Nigeria joined in 1971. Its main objectives, according to its statute, are:

• To co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among member countries
• To secure stable oil prices in the international oil market and eliminate harmful fluctuations
• To ensure a steady income for producing countries
• To provide an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations
• To ensure a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Stabilize revenue from oil to producing countries: This matches "steady income for producers." It is an objective.
• B. Stabilize the price of oil in the world market: This is a core objective.
• C. Ensure oil flows to all consuming countries: This matches "efficient, economic and regular supply to consumers." It is an objective.
• D. Establish petroleum refineries in all member states: This is not in OPEC's objectives. Building refineries is a decision for each member country's own government or companies, not an OPEC mandate. (Nigeria, for example, has long struggled with its own refineries, independent of OPEC.)
• E. Co-ordinate and harmonize oil policies of member countries: This is the central objective of OPEC.

Step 4: Answer The statement that is NOT an objective of OPEC is D.

Exam tip: Remember OPEC's aims with the words price, income, supply, policy: stable prices, steady income, regular supply, and co-ordinated policy. Anything about building facilities (like refineries) in every member state is likely the "odd one out."