Vitamin K deficiency causes

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which condition results from a lack of vitamin K.

Step 2: Explain the concept Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin. Its main job is to help the liver make clotting factors, especially prothrombin (factor II) and factors VII, IX and X. Without these, blood cannot clot properly. Vitamin K is found in green leafy vegetables, such as ugu and spinach, and is also made by bacteria in the intestine.

Step 3: Go through the options

• A. Constipation: This is linked to a lack of dietary fibre (roughage), not vitamin K.
• B. Indigestion: This usually comes from digestive enzyme problems or eating habits, not vitamin K.
• C. Low sperm count: This is associated with vitamin E deficiency in some animals, so it is not the answer here.
• D. Uncontrolled haemorrhage: Without clotting factors, bleeding continues for too long. This matches vitamin K deficiency.
• E. Stomach and duodenal ulcer: This is commonly linked to H. pylori, excess acid or stress, not vitamin K.

Step 4: Answer Vitamin K deficiency causes uncontrolled haemorrhage, which is option D.

Tip: Remember K = Koagulation (the German spelling of coagulation). Vitamin K is for clotting, so a deficiency means bleeding. Other quick pairings are Vitamin C with scurvy, Vitamin D with rickets, and Vitamin A with night blindness.