Using the name of one thing for something else with which it is closely associated in an instance is

1. Analyze the question

The question asks for the figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used for something else that is closely associated with it.

2. Explain the concept

Look at each option:

• Paradox: a statement that seems self-contradictory but contains a truth, e.g. "Less is more."
• Parody: an imitation of a work, author or style, usually to mock or make fun of it.
• Parallelism: repeating similar grammatical structures or ideas for balance and emphasis, e.g. "Easy come, easy go."
• Metonymy: replacing the name of a thing with the name of something closely associated with it.

3. Solution

The question describes metonymy exactly. Here are some examples:

• "The crown" for the monarchy or king ("The crown has declared war").
• "The pen is mightier than the sword", where pen means writing and sword means military force.
• "Aso Rock has announced a new policy", where Aso Rock stands for the Nigerian presidency or government.
• "Hollywood" for the American film industry.

In each case, the name used is not the literal thing meant, but it is strongly linked to it.

4. Answer

The correct option is D. metonymy.

5. Exam tip

Don't mix up metonymy with synecdoche. Synecdoche uses a part for the whole ("all hands on deck"). Metonymy uses an associated thing ("the crown", "the press"). In JAMB, if you see "name of one thing used for another closely associated with it", think metonymy. Remember: METonymy = METaphor-like substitution by association.