The process of creating characters and endowing them with certain attitude is ......

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the process of creating characters and giving them particular attitudes, traits, or personalities. The key word is "process," which points to a literary technique rather than a thing.

Step 2: Explain the concepts

• Action: the events or happenings in a story or play (the plot).
• Character: an individual person or figure in a work. It is the product, not the process.
• Characterization: the method an author uses to create characters and give them personality, attitudes, and traits. This can be done directly (the narrator describes the character) or indirectly (through speech, behavior, thoughts, and what others say about them).
• Dramatis personae: the list of characters in a play, usually printed at the start of the script.

Step 3: Match the definition to the options

• A. Action describes events, not the creation of characters. ✗
• B. Character is the figure itself, not the process of making one. ✗
• C. Characterization is the process of creating characters and endowing them with traits and attitudes. ✓
• D. Dramatis personae is just a cast list. ✗

Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. Characterization.

Exam tip: Look for the suffix -ization or -ation. Words ending this way often name a process (characterization, personification, dramatization). If a question says "the process of...", check for a word like that first.