The commander of the army under the Hausa/ Fulani pre-colonial administration was

Analyze the question: The question asks for the title of the army commander in the pre-colonial Hausa/Fulani (Sokoto Caliphate and Hausa city-state) system of administration.

Explain the concept: In the Hausa/Fulani political system, the Emir or Sarki was assisted by a council of titled officials, each with a specific role:

• Waziri: Chief adviser or prime minister to the Emir, and the link between the Emir and the other officials.
• Madawaki: Commander of the army (the "Chief of the Horse"), in charge of military affairs.
• Galadima: Administrator of the capital city, and often in charge of the western part of the emirate.
• Maaji: Treasurer, in charge of the state's finances (often spelled Ma'aji).
• Others: Sarkin Ruwa (head of water and fishing), Sarkin Pawa (head of butchers), Magajin Gari (custodian of the city), Alkali (chief judge).

Step-by-step solution:

1. The question asks for the military head.
2. Waziri is the chief adviser, not a military post.
3. Galadima manages the capital, so he is not the military head.
4. Maaji handles the treasury.
5. Madawaki is the title for the army commander.

Correct answer: B. madawaki

Exam tip: Link the names to their roles:

• Mada-waki → "war" and horses → army
• Wazi-ri → adviser, "wise"
• Ma'aji → money
• Galadima → city administration