Which of the following is a characteristic of pressure groups?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for a characteristic of pressure groups. So we need to recall what a pressure group is and how it differs from a political party.

Step 2: Explain the concept A pressure group (also called an interest group) is an organized body of people who share common interests and try to influence government policies and decisions in favour of those interests, without seeking to take over political power.

Examples in Nigeria: Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), Nigerian Medical Association (NMA), Nigerian Bar Association (NBA), and Market Women Associations.

Key characteristics:

• They represent the interests of a particular section of society (workers, doctors, lecturers, students, etc.)
• They seek to influence the government, not to form it
• They do not usually field candidates for elections
• They are funded by their members (dues, levies, donations)
• Membership is usually based on a shared profession, cause, or interest

Step 3: Evaluate each option

• A. They aim to gain political power: Wrong. This is the main feature of political parties. Pressure groups only try to influence those in power.
• B. They are funded by the government: Wrong. They are funded mainly by membership dues and donations, which helps them remain independent.
• C. They are political parties: Wrong. They are different from political parties, even though they may sometimes support particular parties.
• D. They represent the interest of a specific section of the society: Correct. A pressure group exists to defend and promote the interests of its members, such as ASUU for university lecturers or NLC for workers.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is D.

Exam tip: Remember the contrast:

• Political party → wants to win and hold power.
• Pressure group → wants to influence power, and speaks for a specific interest.

If an option says "gain political power" or "contest elections", it points to a political party, not a pressure group.