Which of the following emphasizes the rule of law and human rights protection?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which concept stresses two things: (1) the rule of law and (2) the protection of human rights.

Step 2: Explain the concepts

• Constitutionalism: The idea that government power must be limited by a constitution. Its key features include the rule of law, separation of powers, an independent judiciary, protection of fundamental human rights, and accountability of leaders.
• Delegated legislation: Laws made by a person or body (e.g. a minister or agency) under powers given by the legislature. It is about how laws are made, not about rights.
• Decentralization: The spread of power and authority from the central government to lower levels, such as states or local governments.
• Centralization: The concentration of power in one central authority.

Step 3: Eliminate the options

• B is about law-making procedure, so it does not stress rights or the rule of law.
• C and D concern the distribution of power between levels of government. Neither one automatically guarantees the rule of law or human rights.
• A is the one that directly requires government to act within the law and respect citizens' rights.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is A. constitutionalism.

Exam tip: Whenever you see "rule of law," "limited government," "fundamental human rights," or "separation of powers" in a JAMB Government question, think constitutionalism. Words like "distribution of power" point to decentralization or federalism instead.