The problem that has bedeviled many developing societies is known as ______?

Analyze the question: It asks for the major problem that has "bedeviled" (persistently troubled) many developing societies. We need the option that describes a negative, widespread, long-standing problem.

Explain the concept: In Government, developing countries (Nigeria included) commonly face challenges such as poverty, political instability, weak institutions, and above all corruption. Corruption is the abuse of public office or resources for personal gain, for example bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, and electoral malpractice. It undermines development because funds meant for roads, schools, hospitals and security are diverted, and it weakens public trust in government.

Step-by-step elimination:

• A. Enforcement: This is neutral. Enforcement means applying laws and is a function of government, not a problem in itself.
• B. Impartiality: This is a positive quality (fairness, no bias), so it cannot be a "problem."
• C. Inefficient judicial institution: This is a real challenge, but it is a narrower issue confined to the courts. It is also often a result of corruption, not the root problem.
• D. Corruption: This is a broad, persistent problem affecting politics, the economy, the civil service and the judiciary in developing societies. It fits the word "bedeviled" best.

Answer: The correct option is D. Corruption.

Exam tip: In JAMB Government questions, watch for words like "bedeviled," "plagued," or "bane." They usually point to a general negative problem such as corruption, not a neutral or positive term like "enforcement" or "impartiality." Also eliminate options that are positive qualities first.