Division of responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any branches from exercising the core functions of another is _______?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question describes dividing government responsibilities into distinct branches so that no branch performs the core functions of another. We need the term for this arrangement.

Step 2: Explain the concept Separation of powers is the principle, popularized by the French thinker Baron de Montesquieu, that government authority should be divided among three branches:

• Legislature: makes laws (the National Assembly in Nigeria)
• Executive: implements and enforces laws (the President, ministers)
• Judiciary: interprets laws and settles disputes (the courts)

Each branch has its own functions and personnel, and none should take over the core functions of another. This prevents abuse of power and tyranny. It is practised in Nigeria's presidential system, as in the USA.

Step 3: Check each option

• A. Fusion of power: the opposite idea. Executive and legislative powers are combined or overlap, as in a parliamentary system where ministers are also members of parliament. ❌
• B. Parliamentary system: a system of government that typically features fusion of powers, not strict separation. ❌
• C. Aristocracy: rule by a small privileged or noble class. It has nothing to do with dividing functions among branches. ❌
• D. Separation of powers: division of government functions into distinct branches, with each restricted from exercising the core functions of the others. ✅

Step 4: Answer The correct option is D. Separation of powers.

Exam tip: Remember "Separation = Spread out, Fusion = Fused together." If a question mentions distinct branches or checks and balances, think separation of powers. If it mentions overlap between executive and legislature, think fusion of powers.