Choose the option to which the given sentence relates.The union congratulated the ELECTED president.

Step 1: Analyze the question This is an emphatic stress question. The word in capital letters (ELECTED) carries the stress, which means the speaker is contrasting that word with another possibility. The sentence answers a question that contains a contrasting word in that same position.

Step 2: Explain the concept Emphatic stress highlights the new or corrected information. The stressed word is the one that differs from what the question assumed or asked about. So we look for the option that is identical to the sentence except for the word at the stressed position.

• Stress on ELECTED means the contrast is with another kind of president (e.g. ousted, defeated, former).
• Stress on UNION would contrast with another body (e.g. management).
• Stress on PRESIDENT would contrast with another position (e.g. chairman).
• Stress on CONGRATULATED would contrast with another action (e.g. rejected).

Step 3: Check each option Sentence: The union congratulated the ELECTED president.

• A. "Did the union reject the elected president?" The difference is the action (reject vs. congratulate). This would need stress on CONGRATULATED. ✗
• B. "Did the union congratulate the elected chairman?" The difference is chairman vs. president. This would need stress on PRESIDENT. ✗
• C. "Did the management congratulate the elected president?" The difference is management vs. union. This would need stress on UNION. ✗
• D. "Did the union congratulate the ousted president?" The difference is ousted vs. elected, which is exactly the stressed word. The reply "The union congratulated the ELECTED president" corrects the question. ✓

Step 4: Answer The correct option is D.

Tip: Find the capitalised word, then ask "What word could it be contrasted with?" The correct option keeps everything else the same and changes only that one word.