Which of the following properties is NOT peculiar to matter?

Analysis of the Question

The question asks us to identify which of the given statements is NOT a correct description of the properties of matter (specifically regarding the kinetic theory of matter and the states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas).

Explanation of the Concept

According to the Kinetic Theory of Matter:

1. Kinetic Energy: Particles in a gas have the highest kinetic energy, while particles in a solid have the lowest (they only vibrate about fixed positions). Therefore, kinetic energy increases as you move from solid to liquid to gas.
2. Random Motion: Gases have particles that move randomly at high speeds. Liquids have more restricted motion, and solids have virtually no translational motion. Thus, random motion increases from solid to liquid to gas.
3. Orderliness: Solids are highly ordered (lattice structure), liquids have less order, and gases have no order (disordered). Therefore, orderliness increases from gas to liquid to solid.

Step-by-Step Evaluation

• Option A: "Kinetic energy of particles increase from solid to gas." This is true. As heat is added, particles gain energy and move faster.
• Option B: "Random motion of particles increases from liquid to gas." This is true. Gas particles are free to move in all directions, unlike liquid particles which are held by intermolecular forces.
• Option C: "Orderliness of particles increases from gas to liquid." This is true. As you cool a gas into a liquid, the particles become more packed and organized.
• Option D: "Random motion of particles increases from gas to solid." This is false. Moving from gas to solid actually decreases random motion because the particles are becoming more fixed and structured.

Conclusion

Since the question asks for the property that is NOT peculiar (or correct) to matter, Option D is the incorrect statement.

Exam Tip: Always remember the "Energy-Motion-Order" rule:

• Energy and Motion: Solid < Liquid < Gas
• Orderliness: Gas < Liquid < Solid If you ever get confused, think of a crowded bus (solid/liquid) versus a playground (gas).