In an agricultural ecosystem, the biotic component consist of

Analyze the question: The question asks for the biotic component of an agricultural ecosystem. Biotic means living, so we need the option that lists only living things.

Explain the concept: An ecosystem has two components:

• Biotic (living): plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other organisms.
• Abiotic (non-living): temperature, humidity, water, soil, light, pH, wind, and so on.

Solution (check each option):

• A. crops, pests and beneficial insects: Crops are plants, pests are organisms such as insects, rodents or weeds, and beneficial insects include bees and ladybirds. All three are living, so every item is biotic. ✅
• B. crops, temperature and humidity: Crops are living, but temperature and humidity are abiotic. ❌
• C. pests, beneficial insects and water: Water is abiotic. ❌
• D. crops, water and soil: Water and soil are abiotic. ❌

Tip: For "biotic vs abiotic" questions, cross out any option that contains a non-living item such as water, soil, temperature, humidity, light or air. The option left standing is the answer. Remember: bio = life, so biotic means living.