The following animals are viviparous expect

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which animal is NOT viviparous (the word "expect" is a typo for "except").

Step 2: Explain the concept

• Viviparous animals give birth to live young. The embryo develops inside the mother's body and is nourished through a placenta. Most mammals are viviparous.
• Oviparous animals lay eggs, and the young develop and hatch outside the mother's body. Examples are birds, most reptiles, and most insects.

Step 3: Go through the options

• A. Cow is a mammal and gives birth to live calves, so it is viviparous.
• B. Dog is a mammal and gives birth to live puppies, so it is viviparous.
• C. Goat is a mammal and gives birth to live kids, so it is viviparous.
• D. Pigeon is a bird and lays eggs, so it is oviparous, not viviparous.

Step 4: Answer The pigeon is the only animal in the list that lays eggs, so it is the exception.

Exam tip: Remember "Mammals = Live birth, Birds = Beg for eggs." Almost all mammals (cow, dog, goat, human) are viviparous. The exceptions are the egg-laying mammals, the platypus and the echidna, but these rarely appear in JAMB questions. Whenever you see a bird, reptile, or insect in a "viviparous except" question, it is usually the answer.