Behaviour conditioning was described by

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks which scientist described behavioural conditioning, which is a type of learned behaviour in animals.

Step 2: Explain the concept Conditioning (classical conditioning) is a form of learning where an animal links a neutral stimulus with a natural stimulus until the neutral stimulus alone produces the response. It was demonstrated by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov in his famous experiments with dogs.

Step 3: Walk through the options

• A. Felix Dujardin: A French biologist who studied protoplasm (the "sarcode") in unicellular organisms. Not related to behaviour.
• B. Gregor Mendel: The father of genetics, known for his pea plant experiments and the laws of inheritance.
• C. Ivan Pavlov: Rang a bell (the neutral stimulus) each time he gave food (the natural stimulus) to dogs. After repeated pairing, the dogs salivated at the sound of the bell alone. This is the conditioned reflex.
• D. Mathias Schleiden: A German botanist who co-founded the cell theory with Theodor Schwann (all plants are made of cells).

Step 4: Answer The correct option is C. Ivan Pavlov.

Step 5: Exam tip Link scientists to their key ideas:

• Pavlov → dogs, bell, conditioned reflex
• Mendel → peas, heredity
• Schleiden and Schwann → cell theory
• Dujardin → protoplasm

If you see "conditioning" or "conditioned reflex" in a JAMB question, think Pavlov immediately.