Whorls, arches, loops and compounds are types of variation in

Analyze the question: The terms whorls, arches, loops and compounds are all patterns. We need to identify which feature of the human body shows these patterns.

Explain the concept: Fingerprints are the ridge patterns on the tips of our fingers. No two people have the same fingerprint, not even identical twins, so they are a good example of discontinuous or morphological variation in humans. Fingerprints are classified into these main types:

• Arch: ridges run from one side and rise in the middle like a hill, without turning back.
• Loop: ridges enter from one side, curve around, and leave on the same side.
• Whorl: ridges form circular or spiral patterns around a central point.
• Composite (compound): a mixture of two or more of the above patterns in one print.

Step-by-step solution:

1. Colour (A) and hair colour (C) vary in shades such as black, brown or blonde. They are not described as whorls or arches.
2. Blood group (D) is classified as A, B, AB and O, so it is not a pattern type either.
3. Whorls, arches, loops and compounds are the standard pattern types used in fingerprint classification (dactylography), so the answer is fingerprints.

Correct answer: B. Finger prints

Exam tip: Remember "ALWC": Arch, Loop, Whorl, Compound. Whenever you see these words together in a question, think fingerprints. Also remember that fingerprints are used in forensic identification and in police records, which is why they often appear in JAMB questions on variation.