The stomata of leaves are similar in function to the

1. Analyze the question The question asks which structure in animals does the same job as stomata in leaves. So we first need to know what stomata do.

2. Explain the concept Stomata are tiny pores, mostly on the underside of leaves, surrounded by guard cells. Their main function is gaseous exchange:

• Oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of the leaf.
• Water vapour is lost through them (transpiration).

So we need an animal structure that is an opening on the body surface for gaseous exchange.

3. Go through the options

• A. Pharynx of humans: This is the throat, a passage for food and air. It is not a surface pore for gas exchange. ✗
• B. Scales of fish: These give protection and reduce friction. They have nothing to do with gas exchange (fish use gills). ✗
• C. Spiracle of insects: Spiracles are small openings along the sides of an insect's abdomen and thorax. Air enters through them into the tracheae. They can open and close, just like stomata, to control gas exchange and water loss. ✓
• D. Trachea of toads: This is the windpipe inside the body, not an external pore. It is a tube, not an opening that regulates exchange. ✗

4. Answer Stomata and insect spiracles are both small, controllable openings on the body surface through which gases enter and leave.

5. Exam tip Match function to function:

• Stomata = pores for gas exchange in plants
• Spiracles = pores for gas exchange in insects

A quick memory line: "Stomata for plants, spiracles for insects: both are air doors."