Which of the following factors hinder the development of tourism? I. Spread of diseases II. Escalation of…

Analyze the question: We need the factors that hinder (slow down or block) tourism development.

Concept: Tourism grows where visitors feel safe and healthy, where the destination is well advertised, and where people value leisure and travel. Anything that threatens safety or health, or reduces awareness and demand, holds tourism back.

Evaluate each statement:

• I. Spread of diseases: Hinders tourism. Tourists avoid places with outbreaks such as Ebola, cholera, or Lassa fever, and travel advisories discourage visits.
• II. Escalation of crime: Hinders tourism. Insecurity, kidnapping, and armed robbery scare tourists away.
• III. Adequate publicity: Does not hinder tourism. Good publicity promotes it by making attractions known. (Inadequate publicity would be a hindrance, but the statement says "adequate".)
• IV. Inadequate appreciation of leisure: This is a genuine hindrance in principle. If people do not value leisure and recreation, domestic demand for tourism is low. So it is a valid factor.

Matching to the options:

• A. I and II only
• B. II and III only (III is wrong)
• C. I and IV only
• D. III and IV only (III is wrong)

Strictly, I, II and IV all hinder tourism, but no option contains all three. Options B and D are eliminated because III is a promoter, not a hindrance. That leaves A (I and II) and C (I and IV). Option A contains the two most direct and widely cited hindrances (disease and crime, both of which affect tourist safety).

Note: My own working shows that IV is also a plausible hindrance, so the question is a bit loose. Option A is still the best available answer, since I and II are the clearest barriers and it contains no incorrect statement. Option C leaves out crime, a major factor.

Exam tip: When two options both seem partly right, first eliminate any that contain an obviously wrong statement (like "adequate publicity" here). Then choose the option containing the most clearly correct factors. Also, read words like "adequate" and "inadequate" carefully, because WASSCE often uses them to turn a statement around.