In Koppen's classification of climates, Cs, refers to

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks what the Köppen climate symbol Cs stands for.

Step 2: Explain the concept Köppen uses letters to classify climates:

• A = Tropical (hot, rainy) climates
• B = Dry climates (BS = Steppe, BW = Desert)
• C = Warm temperate (mild mid-latitude) climates
• D = Cold (snow) climates
• E = Polar climates

The second letter shows the rainfall pattern:

• s = dry summer
• w = dry winter
• f = rainfall all year (no dry season)
• m = monsoon

Step 3: Apply it

• C means a warm temperate climate.
• s means a dry summer.
• So Cs is a warm temperate climate with a dry summer and a wet winter. That is the Mediterranean climate, found around the Mediterranean Sea, California, central Chile, the Cape region of South Africa and southwest Australia.

Checking the other options:

• A. Steppe is BS, a dry climate.
• C. Tropical Monsoon is Am, a tropical climate.
• D. Tropical Continental (Sudan type) is Aw, a tropical wet and dry climate.

Only B fits Cs.

Answer: B. Mediterranean

Exam tip: Remember "C-s = Cool, Summer-dry", meaning a mild climate with a dry summer. Also remember that Aw is the one that covers most of Nigeria, so you do not mix it up with Cs.