Which of the following best explains the high rate of population growth in West Africa?

Step 1: Analyze the question The question asks for the best explanation of the high rate of population growth in West Africa. Population growth depends mainly on natural increase (births minus deaths), plus migration.

Step 2: Explain the concept Natural increase = Birth rate − Death rate.

• If birth rate is high and death rate is falling or low, the population grows quickly.
• This is typical of countries in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model, which includes many West African countries such as Nigeria, Niger, and Ghana.

Step 3: Evaluate each option

• A. Birth control policies: These reduce births and slow growth, so they cannot explain rapid growth.
• B. High birth rate and low death rate: Large family sizes, early marriage, and cultural and religious preferences keep fertility high. Better healthcare, immunization, and improved food supply have reduced death rates. The gap between the two produces rapid growth. ✔
• C. Low birth rate and high death rate: This would cause slow growth or decline, the opposite of what is observed.
• D. High rate of immigration: Migration does occur within West Africa, but it is not the main driver of growth in the region.

Step 4: Answer The correct option is B.

Tip: In "population growth" questions, think "natural increase." High growth almost always means high birth rate with low or falling death rate. Eliminate options that describe the reverse, and any that mention birth control.