… the textbooks, he advised his daughter to face her studies.

Analyze the question: The sentence is "_ the textbooks, he advised his daughter to face her studies." We need a phrase that correctly introduces the action done by "he" before he gave the advice.

Concept: A perfect participle phrase is formed as Having + past participle. It shows that one action was completed before another. The subject of the participle phrase must be the same as the subject of the main clause, which here is "he".

Examples:

• Having finished the exam, she left the hall.
• Having eaten, they went out.

Check each option:

• A. Having being to buy: Ungrammatical. "Having being" is not a valid form, and "to buy" doesn't fit after it.
• B. Having bought: Correct. "He" bought the textbooks first (completed action), and then advised his daughter. The phrase has an active meaning and takes "the textbooks" as its object.
• C. Having buying: Ungrammatical. "Having" must be followed by a past participle, not an -ing form.
• D. Having been bought: This is passive. It would imply that "he" was bought, because the participle phrase must modify the subject "he". It would also leave "the textbooks" without a logical role. This makes it wrong.

Solution: "Having bought the textbooks, he advised his daughter to face her studies."

Tip: When a sentence opens with "Having ____," ask two questions:

1. Is the next word a past participle (bought, finished, eaten)? "Having being" and "Having buying" fail this test.
2. Did the subject of the main clause perform the action? If yes, use the active form (Having bought). If no, the passive form (Having been bought) may be needed.