In the following sentence, there is an underlined word and one gap. From the list of words lettered A to D…

Analyze the question: The underlined word is "fundamental" (the underline isn't visible in the text, but the sentence points to it). We need a word that is opposite in meaning to "fundamental" and also fits the gap before "procedures."

Explain the concept: "Fundamental" means basic, primary, or essential. Its opposite would be something less basic or more complex. The sentence also gives a clue: after mastering the basics, Kwesi faced something more demanding, which suggests a progression from basic to higher-level work.

Test each option:

• A. advanced: This is the opposite of basic or elementary. It fits the logic of "after grasping the basics, he had to cope with more advanced procedures." ✔
• B. academic: This means theoretical or scholarly. It is not a true opposite of "fundamental" and doesn't fit the progression.
• C. subsidiary: This means secondary or supplementary. It is opposite in sense to "main," but "more subsidiary" is awkward and doesn't convey the increasing difficulty the sentence implies.
• D. secondary: This is similar to C. It means lesser in importance, and "more secondary" doesn't fit the idea of growing difficulty.

Answer: A. advanced. The phrase "more advanced procedures" is natural, and "advanced" contrasts with the basic, foundational "fundamental aspects."

Tip: In opposite-meaning-plus-gap questions, check two things: (1) does the word contrast with the underlined word, and (2) does it make the sentence sound natural? Words like "after" and "more" often signal a progression, such as basic to advanced.