In the sentence below, there is one underlined word and one gap. From the list of words lettered A to D…

Analyze the question: The sentence has a word "refined" (the underlined word). You need a word that is opposite in meaning to "refined" and also fits the gap grammatically: "Tom is refined but his brother is rather ......."

Explain the concept: This is an antonym question. "Refined" means polite, cultured, elegant, and well-mannered in behaviour. The word "but" signals contrast, so the gap needs a word describing someone with the opposite qualities: impolite, unpolished, coarse.

Step-by-step solution:

• A. arrogant means proud and overbearing. This is a personality fault, but it is not the direct opposite of refined. A refined person can be arrogant too.
• B. crude means rough, coarse, lacking manners or polish. This is the direct opposite of "refined." It also fits the sentence: "his brother is rather crude."
• C. unskillful means lacking skill. This relates to ability, not manners or cultural polish.
• D. foolish means lacking good sense. This relates to intelligence or judgment, not refinement.

So the answer is B. crude.

Tip: In antonym questions, first define the underlined word in your own words, then test each option for the closest opposite. "Refined" is often paired with "crude," "coarse," or "rough." Remember: refined oil versus crude oil. Refined means processed and polished, crude means raw and unpolished. That image can help you remember the pair in exams.